Forex News Timeline

Monday, June 23, 2025

The Greenback regained strong downside traction and dropped to four-day lows in response to dovish Fedspeak and despite solid safe-haven demand in light of the deterioration of the geopolitical landscape in the Middle East.

The Greenback regained strong downside traction and dropped to four-day lows in response to dovish Fedspeak and despite solid safe-haven demand in light of the deterioration of the geopolitical landscape in the Middle East. Meanwhile, investors geared up for Chair Powell’s semiannual testimonies and the release of the always-relevant US Consumer Confidence.Here's what to watch on Tuesday, June 24:The US Dollar Index (DXY) retreated for the third consecutive day, receding to the 98.40 zone amid a generalised pullback in US yields. Chief Powell will testify before the US House Financial Services Committee, seconded by speeches from Hammack, Collins and Barr. On the docket, the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence gauge will be in the spotlight, followed by the FHFA’s House Price Index, the Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index and the API’s weekly report on US crude oil stockpiles.EUR/USD advanced to four-day peaks amid an intense risk-off sentiment and renewed weakness in the Greenback. The German IFO Business Climate will be the salient event on the domestic calendar, alongside speeches by the ECB’s De Guindos, Lagarde and Lane.GBP/USD dipped to three-week lows near 1.3370 before staging a sharp rebound to multi-day tops near 1.3530 on the back of the resurgence of the strong selling bias in the US Dollar. The CBI Industrial Trends Orders is due seconded by speeches by the BoE’s Bailey, Ramsden, Greene, and Breeden.USD/JPY rose sharply and hit new six-week highs just above the 148.00 barrier, just to come all the way down and settle near 146.00 following the pronounced retracement in the Greenback. The BoJ Summary of Opinions is due, ahead of the final prints of the Coincident and Leading Economic Indices. In addition, the BoJ’s Tamura is due to speak. AUD/USD reversed an initial drop to the sub-0.6400 region and managed to retest the 0.6450 zone toward the end of the day. Next on tap in Oz will be the release of the RBA’s Monthly CPI Indicator on June 25.Prices of WTI collapsed more than 7% and receded to the vicinity iof the $68.00 mark per barrel after Iranian retaliatory attacks targeted US military bases in the UAE.Gold maintains its bullish bias on Monday, trading at shouting distance from the key $3,400 mark per troy ounce on the back of increasing geopolitical tensions after Iran attacked regional US military bases. Silver prices alternated gains with losses in the low $36.00s per ounce.

Argentina Gross Domestic Product (YoY) came in at 5.8%, below expectations (6.1%) in 1Q

The Australian Dollar (AUD) is holding steady against the United States Dollar (USD) on Monday after markets absorbed fresh geopolitical tensions involving Iran. Risk sentiment briefly deteriorated following Tehran’s missile launch toward United States military bases in Qatar.

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The Australian Dollar (AUD) is holding steady against the United States Dollar (USD) on Monday after markets absorbed fresh geopolitical tensions involving Iran. Risk sentiment briefly deteriorated following Tehran’s missile launch toward United States military bases in Qatar. However, media versions that all projectiles were intercepted and caused no casualties quickly calmed markets. With immediate threats fading, traders refocused on economic fundamentals, lifting AUD/USD back above its 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA). Attention now shifts to Tuesday’s Congressional testimony by Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, which could clarify the central bank’s outlook on inflation, growth, and geopolitical risk.Supporting the US Dollar on Monday was stronger-than-expected data from the United States, as indicated by the S&P Global Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for June. The Manufacturing PMI held at 52, beating forecasts of 51, while the Services PMI dipped slightly to 53.1 from 53.7—but remains in expansion territory. The data pointed to ongoing resilience in the US economy and helped anchor Treasury yields.Australia’s own PMI release, published on Sunday evening, failed to generate a meaningful reaction in the AUD. Markets remained far more focused on geopolitical headlines and evolving expectations around US monetary policy. The Federal Reserve’s latest Summary of Economic Projections signaled two rate cuts this year. However, should Powell adopt a more cautious or hawkish tone, it may delay easing expectations and weigh further on AUD/USD. Given its close ties to global trade and commodity demand—particularly from China—the Australian Dollar remains exposed to both geopolitical risk and shifts in external demand conditions.AUD/USD technical analysisAUD/USD is attempting to stabilize above the 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 0.6422 after briefly breaching the lower bound of a rising wedge pattern. The pair also found support near the 50.0% Fibonacci retracement level of the decline from September to April at 0.6428.AUD/USD daily chartImmediate resistance is located at 0.6450, aligning with wedge resistance and a recent intraday high. A break above this level could open the path to 0.6549, the 67.8% Fibonacci retracement, followed by 0.6722 as a potential medium-term upside target aligned with the 78.6% retracement level. On the downside, support remains firm at 0.6422, followed by the 100-day SMA at 0.6362 and the 38.2% Fibonacci level at 0.6306.The Relative Strength Index (RSI) hovers near 48, indicating that momentum is approaching the neutral zone. A firm daily close above 0.6450 would favor further upside, while a failure to hold above 0.6422 may expose AUD/USD to fresh losses, targeting 0.6360. Australian Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the Australian Dollar? One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD. How do the decisions of the Reserve Bank of Australia impact the Australian Dollar? The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive. How does the health of the Chinese Economy impact the Australian Dollar? China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs. How does the price of Iron Ore impact the Australian Dollar? Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD. How does the Trade Balance impact the Australian Dollar? The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) whipsawed on Monday, churning as investors reacted to headlines that Iran had lashed out at US military assets in the Middle East in retaliation for the weekend’s missile strikes ordered by the Trump administration.

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Dow Jones FAQs What is the Dow Jones? The Dow Jones Industrial Average, one of the oldest stock market indices in the world, is compiled of the 30 most traded stocks in the US. The index is price-weighted rather than weighted by capitalization. It is calculated by summing the prices of the constituent stocks and dividing them by a factor, currently 0.152. The index was founded by Charles Dow, who also founded the Wall Street Journal. In later years it has been criticized for not being broadly representative enough because it only tracks 30 conglomerates, unlike broader indices such as the S&P 500. What factors impact the Dow Jones Industrial Average? Many different factors drive the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). The aggregate performance of the component companies revealed in quarterly company earnings reports is the main one. US and global macroeconomic data also contributes as it impacts on investor sentiment. The level of interest rates, set by the Federal Reserve (Fed), also influences the DJIA as it affects the cost of credit, on which many corporations are heavily reliant. Therefore, inflation can be a major driver as well as other metrics which impact the Fed decisions. What is Dow Theory? Dow Theory is a method for identifying the primary trend of the stock market developed by Charles Dow. A key step is to compare the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA) and only follow trends where both are moving in the same direction. Volume is a confirmatory criteria. The theory uses elements of peak and trough analysis. Dow’s theory posits three trend phases: accumulation, when smart money starts buying or selling; public participation, when the wider public joins in; and distribution, when the smart money exits. How can I trade the DJIA? There are a number of ways to trade the DJIA. One is to use ETFs which allow investors to trade the DJIA as a single security, rather than having to buy shares in all 30 constituent companies. A leading example is the SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA). DJIA futures contracts enable traders to speculate on the future value of the index and Options provide the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the index at a predetermined price in the future. Mutual funds enable investors to buy a share of a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks thus providing exposure to the overall index.

Gold prices remain bid during the North American session as breaking news revealed Iran’s attack on US bases in Qatar, in retaliation for the over-the-weekend attack on Iran's nuclear installations by the White House.

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Meanwhile, US economic data was overlooked mainly as geopolitical tensions in the Middle East intensified. At the time of writing, XAU/USD trades at $3,385, up 0.39%.Macroeconomic data has been pushed aside as geopolitics grabs most headlines. Iran reported the launch of missiles at US bases in Qatar, Kuwait and Iraq, according to Al Arabiya, citing Israeli media. Alongside this, Iran retaliated, approving the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and launching missile strikes against Israel.Meanwhile, Israel attacked Evin prison in northern Tehran, which, according to Reuters, “Israel called its most intense bombing yet of the Iranian capital a day after the United States joined the war.”Bullion prices printed another leg up, as Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Michelle Bowman added to the doves' chorus, saying that she’s open to reducing interest rates at the July Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting, if inflation pressures remained contained.The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the buck’s performance against a basket of six currencies, drops 0.25% to 98.52. US Treasury bond yields are also on the back foot, a tailwind for Gold prices.On the data front, S&P Global revealed that manufacturing activity expanded above estimates but has stalled for the last two months. In the services sector, businesses remain growing at a healthy pace, though June’s print dipped compared to May figures.The economic docket in the US will feature further Fed speakers, led by Fed Chair Jerome Powell's testimony at the US Congress on Tuesday. Traders would digest the latest Consumer Confidence figures, Durable Goods Orders, housing and jobs data, along with the release of the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, the Core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index.Daily digest market movers: Gold price rally extends, as Iran retaliates over US basesOn Saturday, the United States (US) delivered an attack to three of Iran’s nuclear facilities – Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. US President Donald Trump described the mission as “a very successful attack,” and warned that “there are many other targets” if Iran remains reluctant to peace talks.The US Operation Midnight Hammer involved B-2 Spirit bombers and Tomahawk missiles from US submarines.Recently, the US S&P Global Manufacturing PMI for June came in at 52, above expectations of 51 but unchanged compared to the previous reading. The Services PMI dipped from 53.7 to 53.1 in June, a tick above estimates of 52.9.The US 10-year Treasury note yield is down seven basis points (bps) at 4.306%. US real yields, which are inversely correlated with Gold prices, followed suit, down at 1.978%.The Fed's monetary policy report recently revealed that there are early signs that tariffs are contributing to higher inflation. However, their full impact has yet to be reflected in the data. The report added that the current policy is well-positioned and that financial stability is resilient amid high uncertainty.Money markets suggest that traders are pricing in 57.5 basis points of easing toward the end of the year, according to Prime Market Terminal data.Source: Prime Market TerminalXAU/USD technical outlook: Gold price climbs towards $3,400Rising geopolitical tensions sparked an uptrend in Gold prices, with the yellow metal bouncing off daily lows beneath $3,350, but buyers failed to crack the $3,400 figure. However, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) favors dip buyers with the RSI remaining bullish.For a bullish resumption, XAU/USD must clear $3,400. Once hurdled, the following key resistance levels, such as the $3,450 mark and the record high of $3,500, lie ahead.Conversely, if Gold tumbles below $3,350, the pullback could extend toward the 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at $3,315. Further losses are seen once cleared, at the April 3 high-turned-support at $3,167. Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.

The Japanese Yen (JPY) reverses its decline from a five-week low, strengthening against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday, as the Greenback loses ground after mixed US PMI data and dovish remarks from Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Bowman.

USD/JPY trims early gains after failing to hold above the 100-day MA near 148.00.Japanese Yen draws safe-haven demand following reports of Iran’s attack on US airbases in Qatar.US Dollar Index drops below 99.00 as mixed PMI data and Bowman’s dovish comments weigh.The Japanese Yen (JPY) reverses its decline from a five-week low, strengthening against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday, as the Greenback loses ground after mixed US PMI data and dovish remarks from Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Bowman. Reports that Iran attacked US airbases in Qatar sparked broad safe-haven flows, but traders favored the Yen over the US Dollar, reining in USD/JPY gains after a technical breakout.The USD/JPY pair started the week on a firm footing, initially extending last week’s breakout momentum to hit an intraday high of 148.03. However, the pair failed to sustain gains above its 100-day Simple Moving Average, triggering a pullback toward 146.20 at the time of writing during the American trading hours.Meanwhile, the US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the Greenback’s performance against a basket of six major currencies, slipped back below the key 99.00 mark amid the mixed PMI prints and dovish Fed signals. At the time of writing, the index was last seen around 98.50, underscoring the recent cooling in broad US Dollar demand despite lingering geopolitical tensions.Fresh US PMI data provided a mixed signal for the US Dollar, with manufacturing activity expanding slightly while the services sector showed signs of slowing. Adding to the softer tone, Fed Governor Michelle Bowman remarked that inflation is steadily moving closer to target and hinted she could back a rate cut as soon as the July meeting if disinflation progress holds steady, boosting market bets on a summer policy shift.From a technical perspective, after staging a decisive breakout above a multi-month descending triangle last week, USD/JPY bulls initially carried the pair to a fresh intraday high of 148.03 in early Monday trade. However, momentum faded as the pair failed to gain traction above the 100-day Moving Average (MA), which remains a critical technical barrier near 147.80–148.00.The rejection at this moving average has triggered a healthy pullback, dragging the pair lower toward 146.20 at the time of writing. Technically, the zone around 144.50–145.00 now stands out as key support. This area aligns with the previous triangle resistance, which may flip into a support floor if bulls defend it successfully — a classic breakout retest scenario.Momentum signals remain constructive but hint at cooling steam in the near term. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) has retreated modestly toward the mid-50s, staying out of overbought territory, while the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) continues to hover in positive territory but shows a flattening histogram — a sign that immediate buying pressure may pause. A clear daily close above 148.00 would unlock scope for a push toward 149.50 and the psychological 150.00 level. Conversely, a break below 145.00 could drag the pair deeper toward the 50-day moving average (MA) near 144.14, putting the breakout narrative at risk and shifting the short-term bias back to neutral.

The Euro (EUR) advances against the Japanese Yen (JPY) for a third consecutive day on Monday, hitting its highest level in nearly eleven months, as steady Euro demand and a persistently weak Yen fuel fresh buying.

EUR/JPY extends winning streak, touches highest level since July 2024.Eurozone PMI data indicate a fragile but stable recovery, with services rebounding slightly and manufacturing remaining weak.ECB’s Lagarde calls for faster rollout of digital euro; Nagel signals bond-buying only for emergencies.The Euro (EUR) advances against the Japanese Yen (JPY) for a third consecutive day on Monday, hitting its highest level in nearly eleven months, as steady Euro demand and a persistently weak Yen fuel fresh buying. Traders are betting that the European Central Bank (ECB) will be cautious about easing rates too quickly, while the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ) commitment to loose monetary policy continues to drag on the Yen, keeping EUR/JPY on a firm upward path.The EUR/JPY cross is edging higher, trading just shy of the intraday peak of 169.72. At the time of writing, the pair is hovering near 169.21, up roughly 0.53% on the day, with technical momentum staying supportive for further gains.Fresh data on Monday showed the Eurozone economy remains on a fragile recovery path. The HCOB Eurozone Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) held steady at 50.2 in June, slightly missing forecasts of 50.5. The services sector showed a mild improvement, with the Services PMI rising to 50.0 from 49.7, indicating a stabilization in activity after recent softness. However, manufacturing continues to struggle, with the Manufacturing PMI unchanged at 49.4, undershooting expectations of 49.8 and signaling a persistent drag on the region’s growth outlook.Meanwhile, Japan’s latest numbers offered a brighter tone. The au Jibun Bank Japan Composite PMI rose to 51.4 in June from 50.2 previously, while the Manufacturing PMI climbed back into expansion territory at 50.4 — the first positive reading for the sector in over a year and beating market forecasts. The Services PMI also edged up to 51.5 from 51.0, indicating steady growth in the services sector of the economy.Adding to the Euro’s support, ECB President Christine Lagarde on Monday urged EU lawmakers to push ahead with legislation for a digital euro, calling it vital for Europe’s financial sovereignty. Separately, Bundesbank President Joachim Nagel emphasized that large-scale bond buying should be reserved for rare emergencies, underlining that interest rates will remain the primary policy tool. This reinforces the view that the ECB will avoid excessive stimulus, keeping the Euro well bid against the Yen.On the other hand, the Bank of Japan kept its key rate unchanged last week and outlined a gradual plan to taper its bond purchases over the next two years. Governor Ueda reiterated that any further tightening will depend on inflation sustainably hitting target levels, signaling that policy will remain relatively accommodative compared to other major central banks. This policy gap continues to weigh on the Yen and keeps EUR/JPY biased to the upside.

Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of Chicago President Austan Goolsbee admitted that tariff effects have remained far below what many policymakers initially feared, but expressed caution that the Fed still needs to watch "soft" data carefully to avoid getting caught in a crossfire between interest rates an

Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of Chicago President Austan Goolsbee admitted that tariff effects have remained far below what many policymakers initially feared, but expressed caution that the Fed still needs to watch "soft" data carefully to avoid getting caught in a crossfire between interest rates and inflation.Key highlightsCritical to look at soft economic data at current moment of transition.

Tariffs are not unlike oil shocks with stagflationary implications.

Current form of uncertainty is disconcerting for economy.

Thus far, impact of tariffs not as bad as feared.

Tariff impact blunted by lowered levels, exemptions.

Less immediate pass through of tariffs relative to past.

Unclear right now how tariffs will drive inflation.

The surprise so far is that inflation has jumped yet on tariffs.

If we do not see inflation jump on tariffs, then economy still on golden path.

WTI Crude Oil saw sharp intraday volatility on Monday, jumping to its highest level since January before reversing all its gains.

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Prices initially rallied to $76.74 after Axios reported that Iran had launched six missiles at US military bases in Qatar, raising fears of a broader conflict in the Gulf.The move was driven by immediate concern that escalating hostilities could threaten Oil transit through the Strait of Hormuz — a critical route for around 20% of global crude flows. Market reaction was swift, with traders rushing into long positions during the early US session.But as the session progressed, the narrative shifted. With no confirmed damage or escalation beyond the initial missile launch, market participants began to reassess the situation. Profit-taking ensued, and WTI retreated sharply below key support levels to settle near $70.80, a decline of nearly 5% from its peak.Iran’s latest military move comes after a weekend of heightened tensions following airstrikes on its nuclear facilities by US forces. Monday’s missile launch targeting US bases represents a significant escalation, but so far, the fallout appears limited.Traders remain wary. Any new signs of retaliation, especially if US assets are hit or Gulf shipping is disrupted, could reignite price momentum. However, for now, the market appears to be pricing in geopolitical noise without a significant impact on supply.WTI Crude Oil price actionThe rejection from the $76.74 high marks a decisive turning point. Price failed to hold above the 78.6% Fibonacci retracement of the January-April decline at $74.11 and broke through the $72.00 psychological level, shifting near-term momentum to the downside.WTI is now hovering just above the 61.8% retracement at $69.98. A break below this area would expose the 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at $68.42, followed by the 50% retracement level near $67.08.WTI Crude Oil daily chartThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) has dropped to 63, suggesting that overbought conditions have eased and bearish pressure could intensify. Unless prices recover and close above $74.00 again, the bias for the week ahead may remain cautiously negative. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) pulled back from Monday's early gains after news outlets reported that accelerating Middle East conflicts took a turn early this week.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) pulled back from Monday's early gains after news outlets reported that accelerating Middle East conflicts took a turn early this week. According to early reporting, Iranian militants have launched a rocket strike targeting the Al-Asad Airbase, which is jointly operated by the US Air Force and the Iraqi Air Force.Iran is poised to lash out at US military assets in retaliation for US President Donald Trump ordering targeted missile strikes against Iranian nuclear facilities without congressional approval over the weekend. The action by the Trump administration marks a sharp reversal in Trump's campaign promises to avoid getting the US embroiled in foreign conflicts.

The Pound Sterling advances during the North American session, up 0.37% against the US Dollar, as risk appetite improved amid developments in the Middle East. At the time of writing, the GBP/USD trades at 1.3500.

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The US Dollar Index (DXY) is edging lower after a strong start on Monday as markets monitor the risks of an Iranian retaliation against the United States (US) and look ahead to Federal Reserve (Fed) Chair Jerome Powell’s upcoming testimony on Tuesday.

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The possibility that Iran could respond by disrupting Oil traffic through the Strait of Hormuz—a critical maritime chokepoint—has kept risk sentiment on edge.The Dollar Index, which measures the USD against a basket of major currencies, began the week on a stronger footing, rising above the prior psychological resistance level of 99 before sliding lower.Adding to the initial upside was Monday’s release of S&P Global’s preliminary Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) data for June. The manufacturing index came in at 52, unchanged from May but above consensus expectations of 51. The services component moderated slightly to 53.1 from 53.7 but still indicated expansion. These figures underscored resilience in the US economy, helping to stabilize bond yields and support the US Dollar.However, during the US session, attention shifted back to monetary policy. Fed Governor Michelle Bowman added to a growing chorus of officials leaning dovish, saying the central bank should stay open to the possibility of a rate cut in July as inflationary pressures ease. Her comments echoed those of Governor Christopher Waller last week, who suggested a cut in July could be warranted if disinflation continues.With Chair Jerome Powell scheduled to deliver his semi-annual testimony before Congress on Tuesday, traders are preparing for a potentially pivotal update on the Fed’s thinking. Following the Fed’s latest dot plot, which penciled in two cuts for 2025, Powell’s tone on inflation, growth, and global uncertainty will likely shape near-term moves in the US Dollar.Technical outlook: Dollar Index eases below 99.00From a technical perspective, the US Dollar Index has bounced from support near 98.00 and attempted to reclaim the 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 99.48, which remains a major resistance level. With prices currently flirting with the 20-day SMA near 98.89, a move lower could bring the 98.00 psychological support level back into play.However, if prices do manage to recover above the 50-day SMA, a close above this zone could open a path toward 100.57, the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement of the decline from the January peak to the recent June low. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) near 45 suggests slight bearish momentum. Fed FAQs What does the Federal Reserve do, how does it impact the US Dollar? Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback. How often does the Fed hold monetary policy meetings? The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis. What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it impact USD? In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar. What is Quantitative Tightening (QT) and how does it impact the US Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.

The Australian Dollar (AUD) reverses earlier losses and edges higher against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday, as traders reassess safe-haven flows after the United States (US) launched attacks on Israel over the weekend.

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The initial rush into the Greenback pushed the Aussie to a one-month low before a mixed batch of US Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data helped temper US Dollar demand.AUD/USD is currently trading around 0.6452 at the time of writing, during the American session, having erased most of its intraday losses and now down approximately 0.38% on the day. The pair rebounded strongly from a session low of 0.6372, finding a tailwind as the latest US PMIs failed to deliver a decisive boost to the US Dollar.US data painted a slightly softer tone, the S&P Global Composite x PMI slipped to 52.8 in June from 53 in May, hinting at a mild loss of momentum while still marking over two years of expansion. The Manufacturing PMI held steady at 52, in line with May’s 15-month high and beating forecasts, while the Services PMI dipped to 53.1 from 53.7 but remained above market expectations. Overall, the mixed readings cooled fresh buying interest in the US Dollar, giving AUD/USD room to bounce.Meanwhile, earlier in the day, S&P Global figures showed Australia’s private sector growing at its second-fastest pace in ten months, with services activity hitting a three-month high and manufacturing holding steady. The encouraging PMI print offered a measure of relief for the Aussie, providing some reassurance after recent soft economic releases had revived talk of possible rate cuts.Technically, the pair’s strong recovery from the lower edge of its tight range suggests buyers are defending key support near 0.6400, reinforced by the 100-day Moving Average around 0.6362. The RSI has turned higher toward the midline, and the MACD shows early signs of stabilization. A daily close above 0.6450 could open the door for a push back toward the 0.6500–0.6550 area, keeping the range-trading strategies alive. A failure to hold above 0.6400, however, would re-expose the downside toward 0.6300. Economic Indicator S&P Global Composite PMI The Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis by S&P Global, is a leading indicator gauging private-business activity in Australia for both the manufacturing and services sectors. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the Australian private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the Australian Dollar (AUD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for AUD. Read more. Last release: Sun Jun 22, 2025 23:00 (Prel) Frequency: Monthly Actual: 51.2 Consensus: - Previous: 50.5 Source: S&P Global

FOMC Governor Michelle Bowman indicated that if inflation pressures stay contained, she would be in favour of lowering the policy rate at the next meeting to align it more closely with its neutral setting and maintain a healthy labour market.

FOMC Governor Michelle Bowman indicated that if inflation pressures stay contained, she would be in favour of lowering the policy rate at the next meeting to align it more closely with its neutral setting and maintain a healthy labour market. Key Quotes Open to cutting rates as soon as the July FOMC meeting if inflation pressures stay contained. Should put more weight on downside risks to the job market going forward. It is time to consider adjusting the policy rate. Trade policy only likely to have ‘minimal impacts’ on inflation. Data not showing much impact from trade policy shifts. Government policy changes should lower inflation risks. Tariffs are likely to have a small impact on inflation. Progress on trade has lowered uncertainty over the outlook. Current Middle East strife could pressure up commodity prices. Labour market solid, but signs of softness emerging.

LME Copper convenience yields are now reflecting critically low inventories, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes.

LME Copper convenience yields are now reflecting critically low inventories, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes. Copper's tension builds"Metal has flowed out of the system over the last months, reflecting increased competition for physical Copper from both China and the United States.""We highlighted that metal must make its way back into the system to prevent fears of a stock-out from reemerging, and while tom-next is now trading close to the LME's capped rate, interestingly, the largest traders in Shanghai have increasingly sold their Copper positions concurrently with a decline in Chinese premiums." "Shanghai Copper traders also remained on the offer in the overnight session, with selling activity now totalling 84.5kt of notional Copper month-to-date. In this context, it is notable that deliveries into the system have remained scarce. Nonetheless, for the time being, CTA buying activity could further exacerbate pressure on LME flat prices and curve."

What if the largest threat to global markets is not an oil price shock, but a prolonged conflict leading to a deeper US involvement in the war effort, with ultimate implications for defense spend and thereby for the fiscal outlook, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes.

What if the largest threat to global markets is not an oil price shock, but a prolonged conflict leading to a deeper US involvement in the war effort, with ultimate implications for defense spend and thereby for the fiscal outlook, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes. Markets face deeper risk from US war involvement"Gold remains the lowest-risk expression of a MidEast geopolitics hedge." "The optionality for further price increases now appears excessively cheap with potential catalysts ranging from safe-haven inflows tied to further geopolitical escalation, resumed interest rate cuts in the event of a complete about-face on trade, a stagflationary environment in the event of a continued trade war, challenges to central bank credibility with Chair Powell's term coming to an end within a year or resumed Asian currency depreciation pressures." "We see echoes of January 2024, even as Gold prices remain only a nudge below all-time highs."

United States Existing Home Sales (MoM) registered at 4.03M above expectations (3.96M) in May

United States Existing Home Sales Change (MoM) registered at 0.8% above expectations (-1.3%) in May

United States Existing Home Sales (MoM) below forecasts (3.96M) in May: Actual (0.8M)

Analyzing Risk of Disruptions to Strategic Chokepoints in the Middle East suggested crude oil pricing screened rich to historical analogs in the overnight session, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes.

Analyzing Risk of Disruptions to Strategic Chokepoints in the Middle East suggested crude oil pricing screened rich to historical analogs in the overnight session, TDS' Senior Commodity Strategist Daniel Ghali notes. Strait of Hormuz still open, risk premium overstated"Recall that zero barrels have been disrupted, hinting at a strategic decision to avoid damaging global energy supply. Current prices are consistent with our analysis of three quarter-centuries of geopolitical risk premiums in oil markets." "For as long as Iranian energy exports are flowing freely, incentives to block the Strait of Hormuz are akin to a mutually assured economic destruction, inferring little incentive to do so." "Even further, more barrels are flowing out of Iran as a result of Israeli strikes on domestic consumption, and US shale producers hedging at higher prices will likely lower the floor price for crude if the status-quo prevails. CTAs are max long, but will only meaningfully sell below $76.85/bbl."

The economic activity in the US' private sector continued to expand at a healthy pace in June, with the S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers Index coming in at 52.8 (flash estimate), down slightly from 53 in May.

Business activity in the US private sector continued to expand in June.US Dollar Index clings to modest daily gains above 99.The economic activity in the US' private sector continued to expand at a healthy pace in June, with the S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers Index coming in at 52.8 (flash estimate), down slightly from 53 in May.In the same period, the Manufacturing PMI held steady at 52, while the Services PMI edged lower to 53.1 from 53.7. Both of these prints came in better than analysts' estimates.Assessing the survey's findings, "the June flash PMI data indicated that the US economy continued to grow at the end of the second quarter, but that the outlook remains uncertain while inflationary pressures have risen sharply in the past two months," said Chris Williamson, Chief Business Economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence.Market reactionThe US Dollar (USD) holds its ground following the PMI data. At the time of press, the USD Index was up 0.35% on the day at 99.10.

United States S&P Global Manufacturing PMI above expectations (51) in June: Actual (52)

United States S&P Global Services PMI registered at 53.1 above expectations (52.9) in June

United States S&P Global Composite PMI fell from previous 53 to 52.8 in June

USD/CAD is trading stronger on Monday, holding around 1.3780 after touching an intraday high of 1.3803 earlier in the session.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}The USD/CAD rises as monetary policy divergence and safe-haven demand support the USD's strength.The Strait of Hormuz remains a concern for Oil markets but fails to support the Canadian Dollar on Monday.USD/CAD is approaching the 50-day Simple Moving Average, located below the 1.3800 psychological level.USD/CAD is trading stronger on Monday, holding around 1.3780 after touching an intraday high of 1.3803 earlier in the session.The pair is on track for its fifth straight day of gains, driven by a mix of safe-haven flows into the US Dollar and concerns over Canada’s domestic economic outlook.Risk sentiment remains fragile after the United States launched airstrikes on three Iranian nuclear sites over the weekend. In a televised statement, President Donald Trump said the strikes were a "very successful attack" and warned of further military action if Iran escalates. The strikes heightened tensions across the Middle East, particularly over the Strait of Hormuz, a key Oil shipping route.This comes after last week’s renewed safe-haven demand for the US Dollar, sparked by the US airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites, which injected uncertainty into global markets and lifted the Greenback across the board.The resulting risk-off tone has kept the US Dollar supported, even as oil prices climb. Risk-sensitive assets have seen limited upside, while safe-haven flows have driven strength in the USD against major peers.Dovish BoC outlook provides additional support for USD/CADMeanwhile, Canadian economic fundamentals have provided little support for the loonie. Friday’s preliminary May retail sales data from Statistics Canada showed a sharper-than-expected 1.1% contraction, following April’s modest 0.3% gain. This underscores weakening consumer demand and adds weight to the case for further interest rate cuts by the Bank of Canada. Technical analysis: USD/CAD nears resistance at the 50-day SMA From a technical standpoint, USD/CAD faces immediate resistance at the 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) near 1.3803.A sustained break above that level could pave the way for a test of the November 2024 low at 1.3823. On the downside, initial support lies at the 20-day SMA at 1.3704, followed by a more significant floor near 1.3640. The daily Relative Strength Index (RSI) is holding just above 55, suggesting neutral-to-slightly bullish momentum in the short term. Canadian Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the Canadian Dollar? The key factors driving the Canadian Dollar (CAD) are the level of interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), the price of Oil, Canada’s largest export, the health of its economy, inflation and the Trade Balance, which is the difference between the value of Canada’s exports versus its imports. Other factors include market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – with risk-on being CAD-positive. As its largest trading partner, the health of the US economy is also a key factor influencing the Canadian Dollar. How do the decisions of the Bank of Canada impact the Canadian Dollar? The Bank of Canada (BoC) has a significant influence on the Canadian Dollar by setting the level of interest rates that banks can lend to one another. This influences the level of interest rates for everyone. The main goal of the BoC is to maintain inflation at 1-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively higher interest rates tend to be positive for the CAD. The Bank of Canada can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former CAD-negative and the latter CAD-positive. How does the price of Oil impact the Canadian Dollar? The price of Oil is a key factor impacting the value of the Canadian Dollar. Petroleum is Canada’s biggest export, so Oil price tends to have an immediate impact on the CAD value. Generally, if Oil price rises CAD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Oil falls. Higher Oil prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance, which is also supportive of the CAD. How does inflation data impact the value of the Canadian Dollar? While inflation had always traditionally been thought of as a negative factor for a currency since it lowers the value of money, the opposite has actually been the case in modern times with the relaxation of cross-border capital controls. Higher inflation tends to lead central banks to put up interest rates which attracts more capital inflows from global investors seeking a lucrative place to keep their money. This increases demand for the local currency, which in Canada’s case is the Canadian Dollar. How does economic data influence the value of the Canadian Dollar? Macroeconomic data releases gauge the health of the economy and can have an impact on the Canadian Dollar. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the CAD. A strong economy is good for the Canadian Dollar. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the Bank of Canada to put up interest rates, leading to a stronger currency. If economic data is weak, however, the CAD is likely to fall.

Citing two US officials on Monday, Reuters reported that the US assesses a high risk of an Iranian retaliation against the US forces soon and added that the US is still pursuing a diplomatic resolution, per Reuters.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} Citing two US officials on Monday, Reuters reported that the US assesses a high risk of an Iranian retaliation against the US forces soon and added that the US is still pursuing a diplomatic resolution, per Reuters.One of the officials told Reuters that an Iranian retaliation could come as soon as the next day or two.Market reactionThe US Dollar (USD) preserves its strength following these remarks. At the time of press, the USD Index was up 0.52% on the day at 99.28. Risk sentiment FAQs What do the terms"risk-on" and "risk-off" mean when referring to sentiment in financial markets? In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest. What are the key assets to track to understand risk sentiment dynamics? Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-on"? The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-off"? The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.

While testifying before the European Parliament on Monday, European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde said that survey data point to some weaker prospects for economic activity in the near term, per Reuters.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} While testifying before the European Parliament on Monday, European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde said that survey data point to some weaker prospects for economic activity in the near term, per Reuters.Key takeaways"Strong labour market, rising real incomes, robust private sector balance sheets and easier financing conditions should help.""Risks to the growth outlook remain tilted to the downside.""Accelerating progress towards a digital Euro is a strategic priority."Market reactionEUR/USD stays under modest bearish pressure following these remarks and was last seen losing 0.43% on the day at 1.1472. ECB FAQs What is the ECB and how does it influence the Euro? The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy for the region. The ECB primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means keeping inflation at around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high interest rates will usually result in a stronger Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde. What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it affect the Euro? In extreme situations, the European Central Bank can enact a policy tool called Quantitative Easing. QE is the process by which the ECB prints Euros and uses them to buy assets – usually government or corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Euro. QE is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the objective of price stability. The ECB used it during the Great Financial Crisis in 2009-11, in 2015 when inflation remained stubbornly low, as well as during the covid pandemic. What is Quantitative tightening (QT) and how does it affect the Euro? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE. It is undertaken after QE when an economic recovery is underway and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the European Central Bank (ECB) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to provide them with liquidity, in QT the ECB stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive (or bullish) for the Euro.

Kevin Hassett, Director of the United States (US) National Economic Council (NEC), said on Monday that there is no reason for the Federal Reserve to not cut rates now.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} Kevin Hassett, Director of the United States (US) National Economic Council (NEC), said on Monday that there is no reason for the Federal Reserve to not cut rates now.Regarding interest rates, Hassett noted that he agrees with Fed Governor Christopher Waller, who said last Friday that the Fed is in a position to cut the policy rate as early as July, and US President Donald Trump.Market reactionThese comments failed to trigger a noticeable market reaction. At the time of press, the US Dollar (USD) Index was up 0.5% on the day at 99.25. Fed FAQs What does the Federal Reserve do, how does it impact the US Dollar? Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback. How often does the Fed hold monetary policy meetings? The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis. What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it impact USD? In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar. What is Quantitative Tightening (QT) and how does it impact the US Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.

The Indian Rupee (INR) kicked off the week on a softer note, weakening against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday as investors flocked to the Greenback after the United States (US) launched airstrikes targeting Iranian nuclear facilities over the weekend.

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The USD/INR pair is holding its ground, trading around 86.73 at the time of writing during the European session, having touched an intraday high of 86.85 earlier in the day. Despite safe-haven flows favoring the US Dollar as markets await an Iranian response, the Rupee’s downside has been partly cushioned by stronger-than-expected domestic PMI data and a pullback in Crude Oil prices from their early session spike. Traders remain cautious, with the pair consolidating just below the 87.00 mark as markets weigh further geopolitical headlines and global risk sentiment.Heightened geopolitical friction in the Middle East has rattled global markets to start the week after the US reportedly launched airstrikes targeting key Iranian nuclear sites, escalating an already volatile standoff involving Israel and Iran’s regional influence. The latest attacks have amplified concerns about potential retaliatory actions and a broader regional conflict that could disrupt Oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz, a crucial artery for global crude shipments. In response, Crude Oil prices spiked sharply at the weekly open, while investors sought refuge in the US Dollar, lifting it against emerging market currencies, such as the Indian Rupee.India finds itself squarely in the line of fire whenever Oil spikes; any sustained surge in Oil prices is a double-edged sword — it widens the trade deficit, stokes imported inflation, and weakens the Rupee by pressuring the current account balance. On Monday, Brent Crude jumped above $81 per barrel in early Asia, fueling risk-off flows that pushed the INR lower against the Greenback. However, as traders reassessed the risk of immediate supply disruptions, Oil prices cooled back toward $75–77 per barrel, trimming the initial drag on the Indian Rupee. Still, with the risk of escalation hanging in the air, traders are likely to stay cautious, keeping the INR’s recovery attempts on a tight leash.Market movers: Geopolitical fears, resilient domestic data and RBI watchThe Rupee has been under pressure, sliding to its weakest level in three months last week before staging a mild recovery to close at 86.59 on Friday. Despite Monday’s resilience, traders remain wary that a decisive break above the 87.00 mark — a level last seen in March — could spark sharper volatility in the currency market, potentially triggering capital outflows and complicating the inflation outlook. A sustained breach could also force policymakers to reassess their monetary policy stance to manage imported price pressure.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is expected to step in if the Rupee weakens further toward the key 87.00 per US Dollar mark, according to analysts at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) and MUFG Bank. The Rupee is currently the worst-performing Asian currency this quarter. “The 87 level is very much on the cards if Middle East tensions escalate and the crisis turns regional,” said Dhiraj Nim, currency strategist at ANZ. “That would be tantamount to a shock, and the RBI won’t like that. The RBI won’t be comfortable with anything beyond 87 per Dollar.”India PMI data surprises to the upside: India’s latest PMI figures provided a bright spot amid geopolitical jitters. Flash data showed the HSBC India Composite PMI rose sharply to 61.0 in June 2025 from 59.3 in May, comfortably beating market forecasts of 59.4 and notching its strongest print since April 2024. The Manufacturing PMI also surprised to the upside, climbing to 58.4 from 57.6 a month earlier, marking its highest level in two months and topping expectations of 57.7. Meanwhile, the Services PMI advanced to 60.7 from 58.8, indicating the fastest pace of growth in the sector since August.Global investors remained cautious on Monday amid fresh geopolitical tensions, keeping risk appetite subdued across markets. Most major equity indices in Asia and Europe traded lower but avoided sharp sell-offs. In India, benchmark indices ended in the red, snapping recent momentum as global uncertainty weighed on sentiment. The Sensex closed down 511.38 points, or 0.62%, at 81,896.79, while the Nifty slipped 140.50 points, or 0.56%, to settle just below the psychological 25,000 mark at 24,971.90.Brent and WTI Crude benchmarks jumped to fresh five-month highs early Monday — Brent touched $81.40, WTI hit $78.40 — following US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites that stoked supply disruption fears. However, prices later eased on tempered fears, with Brent drifting back to $75.55 and WTI near $73.25 at the time of writing. The retreat provides some relief for India’s Oil import bill, but risks remain if regional tensions flare up again.India’s heavy reliance on imported Crude means any sustained spike in Oil prices can have sweeping economic consequences. The country sources about 85% of its Oil needs from overseas markets, leaving it highly exposed to global price swings. According to a Reuters report citing fresh government data, India’s crude oil imports surged to a record 23.32 million metric tonnes in May, marking a 9.8% MoM increase as refiners ramped up purchases to meet robust domestic demand. This dependency amplifies the currency’s vulnerability to geopolitical shocks and keeps the focus firmly on Brent’s trajectory.Looking ahead, markets will stay alert to any fresh headlines from the Middle East as traders watch for potential Iranian retaliation following the recent US strikes on nuclear sites. Any escalation could trigger safe-haven inflows into the US Dollar, push oil prices higher again, and weigh on riskier assets and emerging market currencies, such as the Rupee. In addition to geopolitical risks, investors will monitor the US PMI data due later in the day for fresh insights into economic momentum, alongside speeches from Fed Bowman and Goolsbee that could offer clues on policymakers’ appetite for future rate moves and impact the US Dollar’s near-term trajectory.Technical analysis: bullish bias intact above 86.50, 87.00 in focusFrom a technical perspective, the USD/INR pair has broken convincingly out of a multi-week symmetrical triangle, confirming a bullish bias in the near term. The breakout above the descending trendline has attracted fresh buying interest, pushing the pair to a three-month high while holding comfortably above its 21-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA), currently near 86.52. Momentum remains firm, with the Relative Strength Index (RSI) hovering around 64, not yet in overbought territory but signaling strong underlying demand. As long as the pair stays above the breakout zone near 86.00–86.10, the path of least resistance appears skewed to the upside. Traders will be eyeing the psychologically important 87.00 mark next; a decisive close above this could open the door for further gains toward 87.25 or even 87.50. On the other hand, a drop back below the 21-period EMA support could invite some profit-taking. However, the broader technical structure favors dip-buying as long as geopolitical tensions continue to support safe-haven flows into the US Dollar. Indian economy FAQs How does the Indian economy impact the Indian Rupee? The Indian economy has averaged a growth rate of 6.13% between 2006 and 2023, which makes it one of the fastest growing in the world. India’s high growth has attracted a lot of foreign investment. This includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into physical projects and Foreign Indirect Investment (FII) by foreign funds into Indian financial markets. The greater the level of investment, the higher the demand for the Rupee (INR). Fluctuations in Dollar-demand from Indian importers also impact INR. What is the impact of Oil prices on the Rupee? India has to import a great deal of its Oil and gasoline so the price of Oil can have a direct impact on the Rupee. Oil is mostly traded in US Dollars (USD) on international markets so if the price of Oil rises, aggregate demand for USD increases and Indian importers have to sell more Rupees to meet that demand, which is depreciative for the Rupee. How does inflation in India impact the Rupee? Inflation has a complex effect on the Rupee. Ultimately it indicates an increase in money supply which reduces the Rupee’s overall value. Yet if it rises above the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) 4% target, the RBI will raise interest rates to bring it down by reducing credit. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (the difference between interest rates and inflation) strengthen the Rupee. They make India a more profitable place for international investors to park their money. A fall in inflation can be supportive of the Rupee. At the same time lower interest rates can have a depreciatory effect on the Rupee. How does seasonal US Dollar demand from importers and banks impact the Rupee? India has run a trade deficit for most of its recent history, indicating its imports outweigh its exports. Since the majority of international trade takes place in US Dollars, there are times – due to seasonal demand or order glut – where the high volume of imports leads to significant US Dollar- demand. During these periods the Rupee can weaken as it is heavily sold to meet the demand for Dollars. When markets experience increased volatility, the demand for US Dollars can also shoot up with a similarly negative effect on the Rupee.

The direction of oil prices this morning reflects the market’s cumulative view on what it deems to be the current level of risk regarding the Middle East crisis.  Brent oil spiked higher at the open only to fall back to below levels traded towards the end of last week.

The direction of oil prices this morning reflects the market’s cumulative view on what it deems to be the current level of risk regarding the Middle East crisis.  Brent oil spiked higher at the open only to fall back to below levels traded towards the end of last week. There is a strong consensus agreement that if Iran were to close the Strait of Hormuz in retaliation to the weekend strikes by the US on three of its nuclear facilities, then oil prices would spike to somewhere over USD100 /b, Rabobank's FX analyst Jane Foley notes. EUR/USD to dip back to 1.12 on a 3-month view"The contained risk-off reaction appears to reflect expectations of some disruption to the supply of energy, though the limited movement in prices also suggests the view that these will not be unmanageable. In line with other asset classes, there has also been a discernible safe haven reaction in the FX market." "Most notably, the USD has reverted to type by displaying a safe haven bid. This is in contrast to its behaviour through most of the year to date when it has failed to rally on fears of a US tariff led global slowdown.  In our view, the ability of the USD to find buyers today reflects two factors. The first relates to positioning and the possibility that some investors have the need to cover short USD positions after this year’s heavy selling pressure. Overlapping this is the fact that the USD still has unique safe haven properties which are distinct to views regarding US exceptionalism." "Since the market has been busy unloading USDs since the start of the year, it follows that the risk off environment could spark concerns of a USD shortage particularly since the USD remains a prime invoicing currency.  Given also Rabo’s view that the Fed may only be able to cut rates once more this cycle due to inflation risks, we see risk of EUR/USD dipping back to EUR/USD1.12 on a 3-month view, though we expect the USD to soften again by the end of the year."

Gold (XAU/USD) is trading in a tight range on Monday after the United States (US) carried out coordinated strikes on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure over the weekend.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}Gold price remains firm below $3,400 after US airstrikes on Iran triggered broad risk aversion and renewed demand for inflation hedges.The United States bombs Iran in Operation Midnight Hammer, raising geopolitical stakes.XAU/USD holds steady amid Strait of Hormuz closure threat.Gold (XAU/USD) is trading in a tight range on Monday after the United States (US) carried out coordinated strikes on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure over the weekend.US President Donald Trump confirmed that American forces bombed three of Iran’s key nuclear facilities – Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan on Saturday night. In a televised address from the White House Briefing Room, Trump described the mission as “a very successful attack,” warning that “there are many other targets” if Iran does not seek peace.At the time of writing, Gold is trading below $3,400 in the European session. Traders remain focused on developments in Tehran and the status of global Oil supply routes, particularly the Strait of Hormuz.Geopolitical risks surge, boosting Gold’s safe-haven flowsThe US coordinated strikes on Iran, dubbed Operation Midnight Hammer, involved B-2 Spirit bombers and Tomahawk missiles from US submarines. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi called the attacks “a heinous crime” in a state broadcast interview, warning of “everlasting consequences.” His remarks were later confirmed and quoted by Reuters on Sunday.Iran’s parliament approved a motion to close the Strait of Hormuz — an Oil transit chokepoint for nearly 20% of global supply. The final decision now lies with the Supreme National Security Council. Oil prices spiked in response, adding to inflation risks and supporting safe-haven flows into Gold.Gold daily digest market movers: Strait of Hormuz, inflation at riskSpeaking during an emergency session of the United Nations (UN) Security Council on Sunday, China’s Ambassador to the UN, Fu Cong, criticized the US strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites as “a serious breach of sovereignty”, and warned of “potential consequences for regional stability.” He urged both the US and its allies to show restraint and emphasized that “force cannot resolve the issue.” His remarks were reported by Reuters and Chinese state media, which echoed Beijing’s call for diplomatic solutions and non-interference in Iran’s domestic affairs.Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu labeled the strikes “historic,” while UN Secretary-General António Guterres described them as a “dangerous escalation,” urging restraint. These comments were published across Reuters and major international outlets on Sunday.The mission to destroy Iran’s nuclear program was described by Trump as a “spectacular military success,” claiming Iran’s enrichment infrastructure was “completely and totally obliterated.”Iranian lawmaker and Revolutionary Guards commander Esmail Kosari told Press TV that parliament had “come to the conclusion we should close the Strait of Hormuz.” Kosari added that “the final decision is the responsibility of the Supreme National Security Council” and will be enacted “whenever necessary.” His remarks were echoed in a separate interview with the Young Journalist Club and widely reported by Reuters. The Strait remains critical for global energy flows, handling nearly 20% of daily Oil exports.Geopolitical tensions bolster Gold’s safe-haven appeal. The threat of retaliation from Iran and potential energy disruptions have fueled investor demand for Gold, even as prices consolidate below the $3,400 level. Uncertainty surrounding the security of maritime routes and the broader Middle East outlook continues to support risk-off positioning.The possibility of a prolonged conflict and a spike in energy prices has renewed concern over inflation risks, particularly if the Strait closure materializes. Rising Oil prices could pressure input costs and delay central bank rate-cut plans globally, especially in the US.Federal Reserve (Fed) Chair Jerome Powell is scheduled to deliver his semi-annual monetary policy testimony to Congress on Tuesday and Wednesday. Markets are watching for any indication that the Fed is shifting away from its “higher-for-longer” stance, although officials have stressed the need for more concrete disinflation before easing policy.Global equities are trading mixed, with US stock index futures little changed in the European morning. Traders remain on edge amid limited visibility on Iran’s next move and ahead of key macroeconomic commentary from both the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB) this week.Gold technical analysis: XAU/USD muted below $3,400Gold (XAU/USD) remains capped near $3,370 at the time of writing, with the $3,400 zone acting as a major psychological barrier for the next big move.Immediate support lies at $3,342, aligned with the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement from the February 28 low to the April 22 high. Dynamic support levels include the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at $3,352 and the 50-day SMA near $3,321.Gold (XAU/USD) daily chartThe Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator remains negative on the daily chart, with bearish histogram bars indicating sustained downside pressure. A break below $3,342 and the moving averages could open the path toward $3,245, which corresponds to the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level.Conversely, a daily close above $3,400 would signal bullish momentum, potentially retargeting the June high of $3,452 and the all-time high of $3,500. Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.

Mexico Retail Sales (YoY) dipped from previous 4.3% to -2% in April

Mexico Retail Sales (MoM) declined to -1% in April from previous 0.5%

The Japanese Yen (JPY) is weak, down a sizeable 1.2% vs. the US Dollar (USD) and hitting fresh local lows while threatening a push to levels last seen in early April, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.

The Japanese Yen (JPY) is weak, down a sizeable 1.2% vs. the US Dollar (USD) and hitting fresh local lows while threatening a push to levels last seen in early April, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.Market remain concerned about BoJ dedication to normalization"The JPY’s underperformance is notable, in an environment of risk aversion in which its haven peer CHF is showing impressive relative gains and a modest decline of only 0.1% vs. the USD." "The outlook for relative central bank policy may be adding to risk and terms-of-trade related weakness, as market participants appear to have underlying concerns about the BoJ’s willingness to deliver on its plans for policy normalization." "The latest BoJ meeting offered a less aggressive path for balance sheet normalization, and market participants may be extending this risk to the rate path as well. In terms of data, the PMI’s showed improvement with the mfg index pushing just above 50 and the services climbing to 51.5."

Pound Sterling (GBP) is weak and down 0.5% against the US Dollar (USD), a mid-performer among the G10 in an environment of broad-based USD strength, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.

Pound Sterling (GBP) is weak and down 0.5% against the US Dollar (USD), a mid-performer among the G10 in an environment of broad-based USD strength, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.PMIs just on either side of 50"The latest PMI’s have offered a better than expected improvement in manufacturing alongside an as expected improvement in services. Both readings remain very close to the expansion/contraction threshold at 50, offering little in terms of material growth or contraction. This week’s data calendar is light and includes CBI sentiment data on Tuesday."

The Euro (EUR) is weak, down 0.5% against the US Dollar (USD) and a mid-performer among the G10 in an environment of broad-based USD strength, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.

The Euro (EUR) is weak, down 0.5% against the US Dollar (USD) and a mid-performer among the G10 in an environment of broad-based USD strength, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.Focus on market’s fading dovish ECB pricing"The EUR is still holding above last week’s lows, and movement remains headline-driven in the absence of major domestic events and releases. The latest PMI’s have weighed on the EUR somewhat, with manufacturing remaining unchanged at 49.4 (vs. 49.7 exp.) as services met expectations of 50.0, climbing modestly from 49.7.""This week’s data calendar includes the German IFO figures on Tuesday and France’s inflation data on Friday, as well as a heavy schedule of ECB speakers throughout the week. ECB rate expectations have been shedding their dovish bias, now pricing 20bpts of easing by year end vs. 25bpts last Monday.""The bullish technical picture is softening for EUR/USD as the multi-month sequence of higher lows and higher highs has been met with slowing momentum and an RSI that has drifted back toward the neutral level at 50. We continue to note the importance of the 50 day MA support level at 1.1364. We look to near-term support expected around 1.1420 and look to resistance above 1.1520."

The Canadian Dollar (CAD) ended last week on a soft note amid rising geo-political tensions and has eased a little further over the weekend to trade back to near 1.38, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.

The Canadian Dollar (CAD) ended last week on a soft note amid rising geo-political tensions and has eased a little further over the weekend to trade back to near 1.38, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.USD/CAD upside potential is limited at the moment"The soft CAD performance last week was tilting risks towards some additional weakness in the short run but the CAD decline risks running on a little further now. The USD is stretching away from our fair value estimate (1.3642) for funds this morning, suggesting the driver of CAD weakness is not obviously fundamental while the CAD’s detached relationship with crude oil remains intact.The USD closed out last week in positive technical shape against the CAD.""Net gains on the week delivered a bullish outside range week on the chart for the USD and gains today through resistance in the mid-1.37s suggests the advance may push on to the low/mid-1.38 area in the short run at least. Trend momentum studies are more mixed as a result of the USD’s rise over the past few days. But still bearish longer run studies suggest upside potential is limited at the moment. Support is 1.3745/50 and 1.3695/00. Resistance is 1.3860 and 1.4015."

The EUR/GBP pair posts a fresh two-month high near 0.8575 during European trading hours on Monday. The cross trades broadly stable after the release of the preliminary United Kingdom (UK)/Eurozone Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI data for June.

.fxs-related-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-related-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{text-decoration:none;color:#1b1c23;font-weight:700;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;line-height:20px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a:hover,.fxs-related-module-related-link:hover,.fxs-related-module-related-link:hover a{color:#e4871b}.fxs-related-module-related-link a:hover{text-decoration:none}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-related-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}}EUR/GBP refreshes two-month high near 0.8575 after the release of the preliminary UK/Eurozone PMI data for June.The Eurozone Composite PMI rose steadily, while the UK overall PMI data beat estimates.Investors await ECB Lagarde’s speech for fresh cues on the monetary policy outlook.The EUR/GBP pair posts a fresh two-month high near 0.8575 during European trading hours on Monday. The cross trades broadly stable after the release of the preliminary United Kingdom (UK)/Eurozone Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI data for June.Flash Hamburg Commercial Bank (HCOB) Eurozone PMI report showed that the overall business activity grew at a steady pace, but missed estimates. Activities in the services sector increased to the expansion boundary after contracting in April. The Services PMI came in at 50.0, as expected, against 49.7 in May. A figure above the 50.0 threshold is considered expansion in business activities. Meanwhile, the Manufacturing PMI contracted at a steady pace to 49.4.Meanwhile, investors await the speech from European Central Bank (ECB) President Christine Lagarde before the parliament at 13:00 GMT. Lagarde is expected to provide cues about the likely monetary policy outlook for the remainder of the year.In the UK region, flash S&P Global PMI data for June came in better than projected. The Composite PMI rose to 50.7, higher than expectations of 50.5 and the prior release of 50.3. Activities in the manufacturing sector declined at a moderate pace, and the service sector activity expanded at a faster pace, as expected.EUR/GBP extends its almost a month-old reversal move above the 50% Fibonacci retracement around 0.8540, which is plotted from the 11 April high of 0.8739 to the May 29 low of 0.8356. Upward-sloping 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) around 0.8500 suggests that the near-term trend is bullish.The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) holds above 60.00, suggesting that the bullish momentum is intact.Looking up, the pair could advance to near the April 21 high of 0.8624 and the 78.6% Fibo retracement of 0.8655 if it breaks above the 61.8% Fibo retracement around 0.8590.On the flip side, a downside move by the pair below the June 2 high of 0.8450 could expose it towards the June 4 high of 0.8407, followed by the May 29 low of 0.8356.EUR/GBP daily chart , Related news EUR/USD wavers in range with risk aversion and tepid Eurozone data weighing UK Preliminary Services PMI rises to 51.3 in June vs. 51.3 expected Eurozone Preliminary Manufacturing PMI steadies at 49.4 in June vs. 49.8 expected
  

US Dollar (USD) bearishness subsided a little last week, helped by the mildly hawkish outcome of the FOMC, and has receded further this morning as markets react to the US attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities and concerns over potential Iranian responses, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborn

US Dollar (USD) bearishness subsided a little last week, helped by the mildly hawkish outcome of the FOMC, and has receded further this morning as markets react to the US attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities and concerns over potential Iranian responses, Scotiabank's Chief FX Strategists Shaun Osborne and Eric Theoret note.Asset markets remain subdued "The USD is broadly higher on the session so far, with only the CHF able to resist the USD’s advance. The MXN and CAD are outperforming marginally among the major currencies while the AUD, NZD and JPY are underperforming. Elsewhere, however, the market reaction is rather subdued. Stocks are narrowly mixed (down a little in Europe, up a little in US equity futures terms), major bond markets are a little softer overall and crude prices are somewhat firmer but choppy. USD gains suggest some risk aversion among investors but the broader market response is rather subdued." "Iran/Israel continue to launch attacks at each other but options for Iran to respond to the US attack are perhaps limited. The parliament voted to close the Straits of Hormuz but the leadership has not endorsed action and tanker traffic appears unaffected at this point. A broader escalation of the confrontation now seems a bigger risk, however. Fed Governor Waller’s comment that the Fed might be in position to cut rates at the end July meeting is likely to remain a minority view among policymakers, given that last week’s dots inferred a more cautious outlook among more policymakers than March." "A jump in oil prices will only bolster Fed caution. Swaps reflect just 3bps of easing risk for July now, down from 6-7bps at the end of last week. Powell is likely to strike a guarded tone in his congressional testimony this week. The USD sell off might be due a pause but a sustained recovery is unlikely amid other, serious fundamental challenges—slower growth risks, flight from USD assets, twin deficit worries, valuation. Although seasonal trends have been weak for the USD so far this year, seasonality typically turns USD-negative as we move into July/August."

Crude Oil retreated from five-month highs at the $7750 area in the early Asian session, but downside attempts have been capped right above $73.00.

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Iranian officials have threatened to block the Strait of Hormuz, a gateway for about a fifth of the world’s Oil supply, which might boost prices to $120-$130 per barrel, according to market sources.

Tehran has also threatened with severe consequences and proposed a bill to halt its collaboration with the  International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The world holds its breath to avoid a large-scale conflict in an already volatile region, and, in this context, the only way is up for Crude prices.

The US pounded several key nuclear facilities in Iran. Trump affirmed that the mission was a success in what he presented as a one-off action, but Israel's Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, said that the nuclear risk has not been eliminated, as the crucial Fordow underground plant was not damaged.All in all, the Price of the US benchmark WTI remains buoyed, after having rallied nearly 20% from the late-May range: Downside attempts remain limited, and the year-to-date high, at $79.60, is coming into focus. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

The US Dollar is trading with moderate gains against the Swiss Franc on Monday, but remains trapped within the last few days' trading range, as the 0.8200 level keeps holding bulls for now.The Greenback is appreciating against most of its main peers, but is failing to perform any significant advance

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The Greenback is appreciating against most of its main peers, but is failing to perform any significant advance against the safe-haven Swiss Franc, which is one of the strongest currencies today, amid a risk-averse market.An attack from US planes and missiles that, according to President Trump, have devastated Iran’s nuclear program keeps investors on edge on Monday, awaiting a response from the Islamic Republic, which would escalate the conflict into a full-blown regional war.

Iranian officials have threatened to block the Strait of Hormuz, and an army spokesperson vowed severe consequences to the US earlier today.

In the macroeconomic front, US preliminary S&P Global PMIs are expected to show that business activity in the manufacturing and services sector eased in June, although still at levels consistent with moderate growth.

The highlights of the week will be the Fed Chair’s Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to Congress on Tuesday and Wednesday, and the US PCE prices Index on Friday, which will provide further clues on the bank’s monetary policy calendar. Economic Indicator S&P Global Composite PMI The S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis, is a leading indicator gauging US private-business activity in the manufacturing and services sector. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the US Dollar (USD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for USD. Read more. Next release: Mon Jun 23, 2025 13:45 (Prel) Frequency: Monthly Consensus: - Previous: 53 Source: S&P Global

The Japanese Yen (JPY) kicks off the week under pressure, stretching its losing streak to a third consecutive day against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}The Japanese Yen drops to its lowest level in over five weeks amid heightened tensions in the Middle East.Japan’s Composite PMI hits 51.4 in June, the fastest pace since February, but fails to support the Yen.Surging Crude Oil prices threaten Japan’s trade balance, further weakening the currency.The Japanese Yen (JPY) kicks off the week under pressure, stretching its losing streak to a third consecutive day against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday. The Yen tumbled to its weakest level in over five weeks, dragged lower as the Greenback regained safe-haven appeal following a dramatic escalation in the Iran–Israel war. Although the Yen is traditionally seen as a safe-haven currency, it struggled to benefit from it this time, overshadowed by the US Dollar’s stronger appeal after the United States (US) joined Israel in launching airstrikes on key Iranian nuclear sites, stoking fears of a wider regional crisis.USD/JPY is surging higher during the European session, having breached its 100-day Moving Average (MA) to trade around 147.84 at the time of writing, up more than 1.15% on the day. The pair’s strong upward momentum reflects the broad strength of the US Dollar as traders flock to the Greenback for safety, shrugging off upbeat Japanese Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) data and focusing squarely on escalating geopolitical tensions.Meanwhile, the US Dollar Index (DXY) climbed back above the 99.00 mark, holding firm around 99.25 as risk-off flows underpin renewed demand for the world’s reserve currency.Flash PMI data released earlier in the day showed Japan’s private sector activity gathering momentum but failed to lend any support to the Yen. The au Jibun Bank Japan Composite PMI rose to 51.4 in June from 50.2 in May, marking the fastest pace since February and the third straight month of growth. Notably, the Manufacturing PMI returned to expansion territory for the first time since May 2024, rising to 51.3 from 48.6 previously and surpassing forecasts of 49.5. Meanwhile, the Services PMI edged up to 51.5 from 51.0.The surge in global Crude Oil prices amid Middle East tensions is piling extra pressure on the Yen. Japan imports the vast majority of its energy needs, so the recent spike in oil prices since the Middle East conflict flared up is likely to worsen the country’s trade balance. This growing import burden undermines investor appetite for the Yen, which is already losing ground to the resurgent US Dollar.Citi analysts echoed this view in a recent client note, warning that “a rise in crude oil prices causes a deterioration not only in Japan’s trade balance but also its terms of trade, so it fundamentally acts to weaken the yen.” In their report, published by Reuters, Citi reiterated their forecast for the Japanese currency to slide further, targeting 150 per Dollar by September. Japanese Yen FAQs What key factors drive the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors. How do the decisions of the Bank of Japan impact the Japanese Yen? One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen. How does the differential between Japanese and US bond yields impact the Japanese Yen? Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential. How does broader risk sentiment impact the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.

AUD/USD is under pressure after failing to break resistance at 0.6545, with the pair now testing key support levels that could determine the next leg of its trend, Société Générale's FX analysts note.

AUD/USD is under pressure after failing to break resistance at 0.6545, with the pair now testing key support levels that could determine the next leg of its trend, Société Générale's FX analysts note. Aussie fails at 0.6545, risks deeper decline"AUD/USD failed to overcome the upper limit of its recent consolidation at 0.6545 resulting in a sharp pullback. It has given up the 50-DMA and is approaching the lower band of the range near 0.6340, which could be an interim support." "A bounce can’t be ruled out however inability to cross 0.6545 may result in continuation of decline. Break below 0.6340 can lead to a deeper down move towards 0.6230, the 50% retracement from April and 0.6150."

Brent crude’s steep rally faces a key technical test as prices approach major resistance levels, with stretched momentum suggesting a possible near-term pullback, Société Générale's FX analysts note.

Brent crude’s steep rally faces a key technical test as prices approach major resistance levels, with stretched momentum suggesting a possible near-term pullback, Société Générale's FX analysts note. Momentum builds, but Brent faces resistance"Brent has experienced a steep uptrend after breakout from a base. It is now attempting a cross above the upper limit of a descending channel drawn since 2023. The daily MACD histogram is registering multi-month highs, indicating a stretched up-move." "Next hurdles are located at the January high of $82.40/82.60. In the event that Brent fails to defend recent gap levels near $77.65/77.00, a short-term pullback may take shape."

Gold price (XAU/USD) exhibits a sluggish performance above $3,350 during European trading hours on Monday.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}Gold price trades subduedly above $3,500 as higher US Dollar limits its upside.Iran vows to retaliate against the US for destroying three nuclear facilities.Fed’s Waller support interest rate cuts in July to offset upside risks to labor market.Gold price (XAU/USD) exhibits a sluggish performance above $3,350 during European trading hours on Monday. The precious metal trades slightly lower even though tensions between the United States (US) and Iran have escalated after Tehran vows to retaliate for striking three nuclear facilities, which was aimed to dismantle country’s ambitions.A report from the Bloomberg showed last week that senior US officials are preparing for a possible attack on Iran as soon as the weekend, aiming to restrict Tehran from building nuclear warheads.During the European trading session, the new head of Iran’s military, Major General Amir Hatami, said every time Americans have committed crimes against Iran, they’ve received a decisive response, and it will be the same this time, Fars news agency reported.Theoretically, heightened geopolitical tensions improve demand for safe-haven assets, such as Gold. However, upbeat US Dollar (USD) has capped the Gold price’s upside. The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, refreshes three-week high around 99.40. Technically, higher US Dollar makes Gold an expensive bet for investors.Meanwhile, a slight increase in US bond yields has also weighed on the Gold price. 10-year US Treasury yields rose 0.4% to near 4.39%. Higher yields on interest-bearing assets diminish demand for non-yielding assets, such as Gold.US Treasury yields rise even though Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller has argued in favor of reducing interest rates in the July policy meeting, cited concerns over the labor market outlook. “The Fed should not wait for the job market to crash in order to cut rates," Waller said.Gold technical analysisGold price trades in an Ascending Triangle formation on a daily timeframe, which indicates volatility contraction. The horizontal resistance of the above-mentioned chart pattern is plotted from the April 22 high around $3,500, while the upward-sloping trendline is placed from the April 7 low of $2,957.The 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) continues to provide support to the Gold price around $3,350The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) struggles to break above 60.00. A fresh bullish momentum would emerge if the RSI breaks above that level.Looking up, the Gold price would enter in an unchartered territory after breaking above the psychological level of $3,500 decisively. Potential resistances would be $3,550 and $3,600.Alternatively, a downside move by the Gold price below the May 29 low of $3,245 would drag it towards the round-level support of $3,200, followed by the May 15 low at $3,121.Gold daily chart Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.   

It came as no surprise that Fed Chair Jay Powell would draw the wrath of the US president with the FOMC's decision to leave interest rates unchanged once again – nor did the increasing rudeness displayed by the US president come as a surprise.

It came as no surprise that Fed Chair Jay Powell would draw the wrath of the US president with the FOMC's decision to leave interest rates unchanged once again – nor did the increasing rudeness displayed by the US president come as a surprise. On Friday, however, he went a step further and repeated his threat to possibly dismiss Powell from office prematurely after all, Commerzbank's Head of FX and Commodity Research Thu Lan Nguyen notes. It may be hard for Trump to undermine the Fed's independence,"It should now be clear to everyone that such a move would be a disaster for the US dollar. Any successor to Powell would have to cave in to the governments pressure towards an easier monetary policy as otherwise they would also very quickly find themselves out of a job. Admittedly, what Trump ‘says’ (on social media) is far from what Trump does. But just raising the idea that he could fire Powell is enough to hurt the US dollar.""USD investors now have to once again grapple with the increased risk that the Fed will lose its independence and the dollar will crash as a result. Even if Powell remains in office, one thing should now be clear: the likelihood that he will be succeeded by a conventional candidate has become significantly lower.""An important task of the chair is to find consensus within the FOMC. But that does not necessarily mean that his vote carries more weight. I therefore doubt that replacing the Fed Chair alone would lead to a complete reorientation of US monetary policy. To achieve this, Trump would probably have to replace the majority of the Board of Governors. This makes it difficult to undermine the Fed's independence, however, whether this will save the dollar is questionable."

US Dollar (USD) is expected to trade in a 7.1750/7.1950 range. In the longer run, USD has likely moved into a 7.1620/7.2200 range trading phase, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note.

US Dollar (USD) is expected to trade in a 7.1750/7.1950 range. In the longer run, USD has likely moved into a 7.1620/7.2200 range trading phase, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note. USD has likely moved into a range trading phase24-HOUR VIEW: "We noted 'a slight increase in downward momentum' last Friday, and we expected USD to 'trade in a lower range of 7.1750/7.1930.' USD then traded between 7.1745 and 7.1876, closing largely unchanged at 7.1806 (-0.08%). USD opened on a strong note today, but there has been no significant increase in upward momentum. Today, we continue to expect USD to trade in a 7.1750/7.1950 range." 1-3 WEEKS VIEW: "Our latest narrative was from 09 Jun, when USD was at 7.1870. We indicated that time that USD 'has likely moved back into a range trading phase, probably between 7.1620 and 7.2200.' Since then, USD has traded mostly sideways, and our narrative remains unchanged."

The Dollar has reclaimn¡med its traditional safe-haven status, with investors rushing away from risk on concerns about the possibility of a wider conflict in the Middle East after this weekend’s attack on Iran’s nuclear sites. The US Dollar is the strongest of the G8 currencies on Monday.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}The extends its recovery with fears of a wider Middle East conflict boosting demand for safe assets.Iranian authorities have threatened with "severe consequences to the USFrom a wider perspective, however, the US Dollar remains on the defensive after having depreciated 8.5% so far this year.The Dollar has reclaimn¡med its traditional safe-haven status, with investors rushing away from risk on concerns about the possibility of a wider conflict in the Middle East after this weekend’s attack on Iran’s nuclear sites.

The US Dollar is the strongest of the G8 currencies on Monday. The US Dollar Index, which measures the value of the Greenback against the world’s most traded currencies, has jumped above last week’s highs and is trading right below June’s top, at 99.40.

The US launched an attack on some of the key Iranian nuclear plants last weekend, including the critical underground Fordow facility, which, according to President Trump, has devastated the country’s Nuclear program.

Iranian officials have vowed revenge that will have “severe consequences for the US. With the world holding its breath to avoid a wider regional war that will spill well beyond the Iranian borders, the risk-off sentiment is boosting the US Dollar to the detriment of riskier currencies.

The index, however, still remains 2.5% below mid-May highs and nearly 10% below January’s highs. The softer macroeconomic data and Trump’s erratic policies have seriously damaged the US economic outlook and have been undermining US dollar demand for the last few months. US Dollar FAQs What is the US Dollar? The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away. How do the decisions of the Federal Reserve impact the US Dollar? The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback. What is Quantitative Easing and how does it influence the US Dollar? In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar. What is Quantitative Tightening and how does it influence the US Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.

US President Trump had signalled it, and now it has happened. The US government has joined in on Israel's attacks on Iran and, according to reports, destroyed important nuclear facilities.

US President Trump had signalled it, and now it has happened. The US government has joined in on Israel's attacks on Iran and, according to reports, destroyed important nuclear facilities. The dollar would probably appreciate in the wake of an oil price shock, which is now increasingly feared, Commerzbank's Head of FX and Commodity Research Thu Lan Nguyen notes. USD might stop climbing up in the near future"However, this is less due to its status as a safe haven and more to do with the fact that the US terms of trade improve when the oil price rises. Why? Because the US is now one of the world's most important oil suppliers. Or to put it simply: the US economy can afford more imports for the same amount of exports, which become more valuable due to the rise in oil prices. This usually leads to an appreciation of the dollar, which reflects this gain in purchasing power.""The Fed would respond to the inflationary consequences of an oil price increase with a sufficiently restrictive monetary policy. Strictly speaking, an improvement in the terms of trade leads to a real appreciation of the exchange rate, and this can happen in two ways: either through a nominal appreciation of the exchange rate or through higher inflation. Both lead to US products becoming more expensive compared to foreign products. Which channel is ultimately stronger depends on the central bank that controls inflation.""In my assumption that the dollar would appreciate, I had therefore assumed that the Fed would keep inflation in check. Anyone who followed the US president's activity on his preferred social media channel on Friday will now suspect that my assumption was perhaps too optimistic and the dollar might not benefit as much as thought"

A move to 0.6355 in the AUD/USD pair can be expected, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note.

A move to 0.6355 in the AUD/USD pair can be expected, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note. Risk seems to be on the downside24-HOUR VIEW: "AUD dropped to 0.6446 last Thursday and then rebounded. Last Friday, when AUD was at 0.6485, we indicated that 'instead of continuing to decline, AUD is more likely to trade sideways today, probably in a range of 0.6460/0.6510.' However, AUD dipped to a low of 0.6449 and closed at 0.6452. Today, AUD opened with a gap lower before recovering. There has been an increase in downward momentum, but while the risk is on the downside, AUD may not have sufficient momentum to break below 0.6400. On the upside, resistance is at 0.6465, and if AUD breaks above 0.6480, it would indicate that the downward pressure has eased." 1-3 WEEKS VIEW: "We have expected AUD to trade in a range since the middle of the month. Tracking the subsequent price movements, we highlighted last Friday (20 Jun, spot at 0.6485) that 'while further range trading still seems likely, a tighter 0.6430/0.6550 range should be sufficient to contain price movements for now.' Although AUD broke below 0.6430 on the opening today, it must close below this level before a move to 0.6355 can be expected. The likelihood of AUD closing below 0.6430 will remain in place, as long as the ‘strong resistance’ level, currently at 0.6505, is not breached."

Here are a few initial considerations on the FX reaction to this weekend’s US strikes in Iran, with the caveat that this is a fast-developing situation. First, the dollar bounce looks small so far, especially considering its oversold and undervalued position.

Here are a few initial considerations on the FX reaction to this weekend’s US strikes in Iran, with the caveat that this is a fast-developing situation. First, the dollar bounce looks small so far, especially considering its oversold and undervalued position. This follows the recent script: markets are quick to punish but slow to reward the dollar. For this to change, we think a prolonged period of elevated oil prices is necessary, as that would dent the appetite for oil-averse safe-haven alternatives like EUR and JPY, and in a way force-feed a return to the dollar to investors seeking defensive plays, ING's FX analyst Francesco Pesole notes. Potential disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz"Markets seem to be pricing in a modest chance of this happening and treating the escalation in Iran with a good deal of caution. Brent prices jumped above $80/bbl in early trading but have now trimmed gains to just above $78. If indeed this geopolitical risk and oil spike proves to be only temporary, we think markets will rapidly default back to preferring strategic USD shorts on the back of US-generated bearish drivers.""The determining factor at this stage appears to be Iran’s retaliation against the US strikes here is our commodities team analysis. We have seen scattered reports about potential disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, which has the potential to send oil prices considerably higher and trigger further unwinding of USD shorts before any de-escalation restores the conditions for rebuilding those positions.""Data will likely play a secondary role this week. The US calendar’s highlight is Friday’s core PCE figure, which is expected at 0.1% but may still fail to drive rate expectations given the Federal Reserve's stated cautiousness in signalling any dovish shift. We’ll see how Powell defends those views in congressional testimonies tomorrow and Wednesday. Expect also some focus on today’s S&P Global PMIs, which are expected to have slipped back lower in June, and on whether consumer confidence (tomorrow) has moved back above 100.0."

USD/JPY jumped in response to geopolitical escalation in the Middle East. USD/JPY was last at 147.82 levels, OCBC's FX analysts Frances Cheung and Christopher Wong note.

USD/JPY jumped in response to geopolitical escalation in the Middle East. USD/JPY was last at 147.82 levels, OCBC's FX analysts Frances Cheung and Christopher Wong note. Upside risks not ruled out"Typically, geopolitical concerns should see safe-haven proxies such as JPY rises but geopolitical issues concerning oil may not see the typical relationship play out. Rising oil prices can impact oil import bills and UST yields while timing of BoJ policy normalisation may further be delayed due to higher economic uncertainty." "As such, this puts temporary upward pressure on USD/JPY. Furthermore, JPY longs are significant by historical standards – can be at risk of further unwinding if weakness persists past key levels. Daily momentum is bullish while RSI rose. Upside risks not ruled out. Next level of resistance is at 148.50. Support at 145.50, 144.20/40 levels (23.6% fibo, 21, 50 DMAs)."

Pound Sterling (GBP) may retest the 1.3385 level; a sustained break below this level seems unlikely for now. In the longer run, downward momentum is beginning to build; it may take a while before 1.3335 comes into view, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note.

Pound Sterling (GBP) may retest the 1.3385 level; a sustained break below this level seems unlikely for now. In the longer run, downward momentum is beginning to build; it may take a while before 1.3335 comes into view, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note. It may take a while before 1.3335 comes into view24-HOUR VIEW: "After GBP fell to 1.3383 and rebounded strongly, we highlighted the following last Friday: 'Although the rebound seems stretched, GBP could test 1.3500 before a pause or pullback is likely. The strong resistance at 1.3520 is unlikely to come under threat.' Our assessment was not wrong, as GBP rose to 1.3511 and then pulled back to close at 1.3451. Today, GBP dropped sharply on the open, and downward momentum is building. GBP may retest the 1.3385 level, but a sustained break below this level seems unlikely for now. Resistance is at 1.3445 and 1.3465." 1-3 WEEKS VIEW: "Last Thursday, 19 Jun, when GBP was at 1.3415), we indicated that “downward momentum is beginning to build, but it may take a while before 1.3335 comes into view.” We also indicated that 'only a break of 1.3520 (‘strong resistance’ level) would mean that the buildup in momentum has faded.' Last Friday, GBP rose to 1.3511 and then pulled back. As our levels remains intact, we continue to hold the same view."

US Dollar (USD) rose in early trade, with impact more pronounced on Asian FX than DM FX. US joining Israel on attack in Iran risks a deeper conflict in the Middle East. DXY was last seen trading at 99.41 levels, OCBC's FX analysts Frances Cheung and Christopher Wong note.

US Dollar (USD) rose in early trade, with impact more pronounced on Asian FX than DM FX. US joining Israel on attack in Iran risks a deeper conflict in the Middle East. DXY was last seen trading at 99.41 levels, OCBC's FX analysts Frances Cheung and Christopher Wong note. Geopolitical developments remain fluid"This can bring disruption to supply chains and pose risks of even higher oil prices, as well as undermine broader risk sentiments. Shipping insurance, freight costs will likely increase, and delivery times may be longer, exposing fragilities in global trade. High beta and net oil importing Asia FX such as PHP, INR, KRW, TWD, and THB may be affected more than other Asian or DM FX. The risk of oil prices going higher can add to the oil import bill.""Elsewhere, markets may also speculate that that Fed’s plan to lower rates may be pushed out. In the interim, this can undermine Asian FX, that are sensitive to higher US rates. Nevertheless, geopolitical developments remain fluid, and two-way risks are highly likely as markets keep a close eye on any Iranian retaliation. Iran state media had reported that the Iranian parliament supported the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Final decision hinges on Iran’s Supreme National Security Council and Supreme Leader Ayatollah.""Mild bullish momentum intact while RSI rose. Resistance at 99.50 (50 DMA), 100.2 and 100.60 levels (23.6% fibo retracement of 2025 high to low). Support at 98.20, 97.60 levels (recent low). Day ahead brings prelim PMIs. Fed’s Waller, Bowman, Goolsbee, Williams and Kugler are scheduled to speak later."

The Kremlin said in a statement on Monday, “US strikes on Iran have increased the number of participants in the conflict and ushered in a new spiral of escalation.”

The Kremlin said in a statement on Monday, “US strikes on Iran have increased the number of participants in the conflict and ushered in a new spiral of escalation.”Additional takeawaysRussian President Vladimir Putin spoke to Prime Minister of Iraq.

Putin will receive Iranian Foreign Minister later today.

Subject of Putin's talks with the Iranian Foreign Minister is 'absolutely clear'.

Russia deeply regrets and condemns the US strikes.

Fate of Iran's nuclear facilities after US strikes and the radiation situation remains to be determined.

The situation of the ground in Iran after the strikes cannot but be a cause of concern.

The risk-sensitive Australian Dollar is one of the worst performers among major currencies on Monday.

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The Aussie extended losses for the third consecutive day on Monday, with investors wary of risk, awaiting a potential response from Tehran to the massive bombings of key energy sites, which, according to US President Trump, have devastated Iran’s nuclear program.

Tehran vowed a response, and a spokesperson from Iran’s army promised severe consequences to the US. So far, however, US interest in the region has not been attacked, and Iran has limited its retaliation with new missile strikes at Israel.Australian business activity improvesEarlier today, Australian Preliminary S&P Global PMI figures revealed that business activity improved in June, boosted mainly by the services sector. The impact on the AUD, however, was minimal, with geopolitical tensions getting all the focus.

In the US on Friday, Fed Governor Christopher Waller rattled markets and put the bank’s wait-and-see stance into question as he campaigned for a rate cut in July. Chairman Powell will surely be questioned about this at his Monetary Policy Report to Congress, due on Tuesday and Wednesday.
The highlight today will be the US  preliminary S&P Global PMI, which is expected to show some slowdown in both the manufacturing and services sectors, but still at levels consistent with growth. Economic Indicator S&P Global Composite PMI The Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis by S&P Global, is a leading indicator gauging private-business activity in Australia for both the manufacturing and services sectors. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the Australian private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the Australian Dollar (AUD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for AUD. Read more. Last release: Sun Jun 22, 2025 23:00 (Prel) Frequency: Monthly Actual: 51.2 Consensus: - Previous: 50.5 Source: S&P Global Economic Indicator S&P Global Composite PMI The S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis, is a leading indicator gauging US private-business activity in the manufacturing and services sector. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the US Dollar (USD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for USD. Read more. Next release: Mon Jun 23, 2025 13:45 (Prel) Frequency: Monthly Consensus: - Previous: 53 Source: S&P Global

There is a chance for EUR to test 1.1445; the major support at 1.1400 is unlikely to come under threat. In the longer run, Euro (EUR) is likely to trade in a range for now, probably between 1.1400 and 1.1570, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note.

There is a chance for EUR to test 1.1445; the major support at 1.1400 is unlikely to come under threat. In the longer run, Euro (EUR) is likely to trade in a range for now, probably between 1.1400 and 1.1570, UOB Group's FX analysts Quek Ser Leang and Peter Chia note. Major support at 1.1400 is unlikely to come under threat24-HOUR VIEW: "In the early Asian session last Friday, we indicated that 'the current price movements are likely part of a range trading phase between 1.1470 and 1.1540.' EUR traded in a narrower range than expected (1.1489/1.1553), before closing at 1.1522 (+0.24%). While EUR gapped lower on open today, there has been no significant increase in downward momentum. However, there is a chance for EUR to test the 1.1445 support level. Based on the current momentum, the major support at 1.1400 is unlikely to come under threat. On the upside, resistance levels are at 1.1515 and 1.1540." 1-3 WEEKS VIEW: "In our most recent narrative from last Thursday (19 Jun, spot at 1.1475), we highlighted that EUR 'is likely to trade in a range for now, probably between 1.1400 and 1.1570.' We continue to hold the same view."

Silver prices (XAG/USD) rose on Monday, according to FXStreet data.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} Silver prices (XAG/USD) rose on Monday, according to FXStreet data. Silver trades at $36.21 per troy ounce, up 0.58% from the $36.00 it cost on Friday. Silver prices have increased by 25.31% since the beginning of the year. Unit measure Silver Price Today in USD Troy Ounce 36.21 1 Gram 1.16
The Gold/Silver ratio, which shows the number of ounces of Silver needed to equal the value of one ounce of Gold, stood at 93.02 on Monday, down from 93.58 on Friday. Silver FAQs Why do people invest in Silver? Silver is a precious metal highly traded among investors. It has been historically used as a store of value and a medium of exchange. Although less popular than Gold, traders may turn to Silver to diversify their investment portfolio, for its intrinsic value or as a potential hedge during high-inflation periods. Investors can buy physical Silver, in coins or in bars, or trade it through vehicles such as Exchange Traded Funds, which track its price on international markets. Which factors influence Silver prices? Silver prices can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can make Silver price escalate due to its safe-haven status, although to a lesser extent than Gold's. As a yieldless asset, Silver tends to rise with lower interest rates. Its moves also depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAG/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Silver at bay, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to propel prices up. Other factors such as investment demand, mining supply – Silver is much more abundant than Gold – and recycling rates can also affect prices. How does industrial demand affect Silver prices? Silver is widely used in industry, particularly in sectors such as electronics or solar energy, as it has one of the highest electric conductivity of all metals – more than Copper and Gold. A surge in demand can increase prices, while a decline tends to lower them. Dynamics in the US, Chinese and Indian economies can also contribute to price swings: for the US and particularly China, their big industrial sectors use Silver in various processes; in India, consumers’ demand for the precious metal for jewellery also plays a key role in setting prices. How do Silver prices react to Gold’s moves? Silver prices tend to follow Gold's moves. When Gold prices rise, Silver typically follows suit, as their status as safe-haven assets is similar. The Gold/Silver ratio, which shows the number of ounces of Silver needed to equal the value of one ounce of Gold, may help to determine the relative valuation between both metals. Some investors may consider a high ratio as an indicator that Silver is undervalued, or Gold is overvalued. On the contrary, a low ratio might suggest that Gold is undervalued relative to Silver. (An automation tool was used in creating this post.)

The yen and antipodeans are most under pressure at the time of writing, but it was EUR and SEK that initially took the biggest hits in G10 as markets reopened, which could signal they’re the two G10 currencies most vulnerable to further meaningful geopolitical escalation, ING's FX analyst Francesco

The yen and antipodeans are most under pressure at the time of writing, but it was EUR and SEK that initially took the biggest hits in G10 as markets reopened, which could signal they’re the two G10 currencies most vulnerable to further meaningful geopolitical escalation, ING's FX analyst Francesco Pesole notes.EUR/USD may not deviate from the 1.1450-1.1600 range"Both have been among the top G10 performers year-to-date alongside NOK, but unlike Norway’s currency, EUR and SEK are negatively exposed to oil prices due to their countries’ energy dependence." "For now, as discussed in the USD section above, the impact of geopolitics on FX remains small. On four occasions, EUR/USD tested the 1.1450 support level since the June 13 Israel strikes on Iran, yet markets lack conviction that this conflict will be prolonged or that the dollar has much to gain from that. Ultimately, it may still take some domestic macro event, especially in the US, to drive any substantial deviation from the 1.1450-1.1600 range.""We have a slight preference for a return to 1.140 rather than another acceleration in the EUR/USD multi-month rally over the coming weeks. But we’ll have to play it by ear given the highly volatile geopolitical situation."

Dow Jones futures have pared earlier losses and are now flat around 42,500, while E-mini S&P 500 futures trade higher near 6,030, up 11 points, after trimming gains during Monday’s European session.

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Futures on Wall Street remain in the positive territory despite dampened risk sentiment after the United States (US) attacked three Iranian nuclear facilities. Traders await the S&P Global US Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data for June, scheduled later in the day.US President Donald Trump said late Saturday that he had "obliterated" Iran's three nuclear facilities, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. Iranian parliament approved a measure to close the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has threatened to close the strait in the past but has never followed through on the move, per Reuters.Traders are cautiously positioning ahead of Monday’s US session, with yields trading higher amid safe-haven flows. The 2-year and 10-year yields on US Treasury bonds stand at 3.92% and 4.39%, respectively, at the time of writing.The US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the US Dollar (USD) against six major currencies, is trading at around 99.600 at the time of writing. On Friday, Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller noted that the US central bank may initiate easing monetary policy tightening as soon as next month, signaling flexibility amid global economic uncertainty and rising geopolitical risks.Last week, the Federal Reserve (Fed) kept the interest rate steady at 4.5% in June as widely expected. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) still expects around 50 basis points of interest rate cuts through the end of this year. However, Fed Chair Jerome Powell warned that ongoing policy uncertainty will keep the Fed in a rate-hold stance, and any rate cuts will be contingent on further improvement in labor and inflation data. Dow Jones FAQs What is the Dow Jones? The Dow Jones Industrial Average, one of the oldest stock market indices in the world, is compiled of the 30 most traded stocks in the US. The index is price-weighted rather than weighted by capitalization. It is calculated by summing the prices of the constituent stocks and dividing them by a factor, currently 0.152. The index was founded by Charles Dow, who also founded the Wall Street Journal. In later years it has been criticized for not being broadly representative enough because it only tracks 30 conglomerates, unlike broader indices such as the S&P 500. What factors impact the Dow Jones Industrial Average? Many different factors drive the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). The aggregate performance of the component companies revealed in quarterly company earnings reports is the main one. US and global macroeconomic data also contributes as it impacts on investor sentiment. The level of interest rates, set by the Federal Reserve (Fed), also influences the DJIA as it affects the cost of credit, on which many corporations are heavily reliant. Therefore, inflation can be a major driver as well as other metrics which impact the Fed decisions. What is Dow Theory? Dow Theory is a method for identifying the primary trend of the stock market developed by Charles Dow. A key step is to compare the direction of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Dow Jones Transportation Average (DJTA) and only follow trends where both are moving in the same direction. Volume is a confirmatory criteria. The theory uses elements of peak and trough analysis. Dow’s theory posits three trend phases: accumulation, when smart money starts buying or selling; public participation, when the wider public joins in; and distribution, when the smart money exits. How can I trade the DJIA? There are a number of ways to trade the DJIA. One is to use ETFs which allow investors to trade the DJIA as a single security, rather than having to buy shares in all 30 constituent companies. A leading example is the SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF (DIA). DJIA futures contracts enable traders to speculate on the future value of the index and Options provide the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the index at a predetermined price in the future. Mutual funds enable investors to buy a share of a diversified portfolio of DJIA stocks thus providing exposure to the overall index.

The US Dollar is practically flat against its Canadian counterpart on Monday, consolidating gains after an impulsive recovery from year-to-date lows at 1.3538 last week.The Greenback appreciated more than 1% in the previous three trading days, with investors rushing for safe assets as risk aversion

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The Greenback appreciated more than 1% in the previous three trading days, with investors rushing for safe assets as risk aversion escalated as the US prepared this weekend's attack on Iran.

The risk-averse sentiment and the hawkish comments from Fed President Jerome Powell, following last week’s monetary policy decision, offset the positive impact of Crude oil’s rally in the Canadian Dollar.Weak Canadian data added pressure on the CAD last weekIn the macroeconomic domain, Canadian retail sales figures failed to boost enthusiasm on Friday, with a shorter-than-expected increase in May. Excluding automobiles, sales of all other products contracted against expectations for the second consecutive month.

Beyond that, prices for industrial products contracted further in May, against expectations of a flat performance. All in all, figures that point to a soft economic growth in the second quarter, adding pressure on the BoC to ease interest rates further and weighing on the CAD.

The longer USD/CAD trend, however, remains bearish. The Dollar has depreciated by about 6.5% from February’s highs, weighed by the softer US economic data and the negative impact of Trump’s erratic trade policy.
Bank of Canada FAQs What is the Bank of Canada and how does it influence the Canadian Dollar? The Bank of Canada (BoC), based in Ottawa, is the institution that sets interest rates and manages monetary policy for Canada. It does so at eight scheduled meetings a year and ad hoc emergency meetings that are held as required. The BoC primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means keeping inflation at between 1-3%. Its main tool for achieving this is by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high interest rates will usually result in a stronger Canadian Dollar (CAD) and vice versa. Other tools used include quantitative easing and tightening. What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it affect the Canadian Dollar? In extreme situations, the Bank of Canada can enact a policy tool called Quantitative Easing. QE is the process by which the BoC prints Canadian Dollars for the purpose of buying assets – usually government or corporate bonds – from financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker CAD. QE is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the objective of price stability. The Bank of Canada used the measure during the Great Financial Crisis of 2009-11 when credit froze after banks lost faith in each other’s ability to repay debts. What is Quantitative tightening (QT) and how does it affect the Canadian Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE. It is undertaken after QE when an economic recovery is underway and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Bank of Canada purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to provide them with liquidity, in QT the BoC stops buying more assets, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive (or bullish) for the Canadian Dollar.

The seasonally adjusted S&P Global/CIPS UK Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) improved to 47.7 in June from 46.4 in May. The data better the market forecast of 46.6 in the reported period.

.fxs-major-currency-prices-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:8px 16px}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table{width:100%;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:1rem}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table th{background-color:#f2f2f2}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td{color:#fff}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.green{background-color:#9cd6cd}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.red{background-color:#faafb5}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.blue-grey{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-legend{font-size:11px;margin:8px;color:#49494f}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.dark-green{background-color:#39ad9a}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-green{background-color:#9cd6cd}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.gray{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-red{background-color:#faafb5}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.strong-red{background-color:#f55e6a}UK Services PMI climbed to 51.3 in June, meeting expectations.Manufacturing PMI in the UK improved to 47.7 in June.GBP/USD holds minor losses below 1.3450 after UK business PMIs.The seasonally adjusted S&P Global/CIPS UK Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) improved to 47.7 in June from 46.4 in May. The data better the market forecast of 46.6 in the reported period.Meanwhile, the Preliminary UK Services Business Activity Index advanced to 51.3 in June versus May’s 50.9 while meeting the expected 51.3 figure.FX implicationsMixed UK PMIs fail to lift the sentiment around the Pound Sterling, as GBP/USD loses 0.09% on the day at 1.3437, as of writing. British Pound PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of British Pound (GBP) against listed major currencies today. British Pound was the weakest against the Euro. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.32% -0.26% 0.44% 0.08% 0.16% 0.40% -0.01% EUR 0.32% 0.04% 0.81% 0.41% 0.44% 0.74% 0.28% GBP 0.26% -0.04% 0.81% 0.37% 0.40% 0.70% 0.24% JPY -0.44% -0.81% -0.81% -0.37% -0.31% 0.03% -0.53% CAD -0.08% -0.41% -0.37% 0.37% 0.12% 0.32% -0.13% AUD -0.16% -0.44% -0.40% 0.31% -0.12% 0.27% -0.17% NZD -0.40% -0.74% -0.70% -0.03% -0.32% -0.27% -0.45% CHF 0.01% -0.28% -0.24% 0.53% 0.13% 0.17% 0.45% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the British Pound from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent GBP (base)/USD (quote).

United Kingdom S&P Global Manufacturing PMI above forecasts (46.6) in June: Actual (47.7)

United Kingdom S&P Global Services PMI meets forecasts (51.3) in June

United Kingdom S&P Global Composite PMI above forecasts (50.5) in June: Actual (50.7)

NZD/USD continues its losing streak for the third successive session, trading around 0.5900 during the European hours on Monday. The NZD/USD pair loses ground amid dampened risk sentiment, driven by the escalating Middle East tension.

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The NZD/USD pair loses ground amid dampened risk sentiment, driven by the escalating Middle East tension. Traders await the S&P Global US Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data for June, scheduled later in the day.On Saturday, US President Donald Trump announced that he had "obliterated" Iran's three nuclear facilities, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. Iranian parliament approved a measure to close the strait. Iran has threatened to close the strait in the past but has never followed through on the move, per Reuters.The NZD/USD pair depreciates as the US Dollar (USD) holds ground amid increased safe-haven demand. The US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the Greenback against six major currencies, is trading at around 99.600 at the time of writing.On Friday, Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller said that the US central bank could start cutting interest rates as soon as next month, signaling flexibility amid global economic uncertainty and rising geopolitical risks.Last week, New Zealand’s GDP grew more than expected in the first quarter, marking the second consecutive quarter of expansion after two quarters of contraction. This supports market expectations that only one more rate cut remains in the current easing cycle, likely to be fully priced in by November. Focus will shift toward New Zealand’s economic indicators this week, including trade balance and consumer confidence data, for further insight into the country’s economic outlook. New Zealand Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the New Zealand Dollar? The New Zealand Dollar (NZD), also known as the Kiwi, is a well-known traded currency among investors. Its value is broadly determined by the health of the New Zealand economy and the country’s central bank policy. Still, there are some unique particularities that also can make NZD move. The performance of the Chinese economy tends to move the Kiwi because China is New Zealand’s biggest trading partner. Bad news for the Chinese economy likely means less New Zealand exports to the country, hitting the economy and thus its currency. Another factor moving NZD is dairy prices as the dairy industry is New Zealand’s main export. High dairy prices boost export income, contributing positively to the economy and thus to the NZD. How do decisions of the RBNZ impact the New Zealand Dollar? The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) aims to achieve and maintain an inflation rate between 1% and 3% over the medium term, with a focus to keep it near the 2% mid-point. To this end, the bank sets an appropriate level of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the RBNZ will increase interest rates to cool the economy, but the move will also make bond yields higher, increasing investors’ appeal to invest in the country and thus boosting NZD. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken NZD. The so-called rate differential, or how rates in New Zealand are or are expected to be compared to the ones set by the US Federal Reserve, can also play a key role in moving the NZD/USD pair. How does economic data influence the value of the New Zealand Dollar? Macroeconomic data releases in New Zealand are key to assess the state of the economy and can impact the New Zealand Dollar’s (NZD) valuation. A strong economy, based on high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence is good for NZD. High economic growth attracts foreign investment and may encourage the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to increase interest rates, if this economic strength comes together with elevated inflation. Conversely, if economic data is weak, NZD is likely to depreciate. How does broader risk sentiment impact the New Zealand Dollar? The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) tends to strengthen during risk-on periods, or when investors perceive that broader market risks are low and are optimistic about growth. This tends to lead to a more favorable outlook for commodities and so-called ‘commodity currencies’ such as the Kiwi. Conversely, NZD tends to weaken at times of market turbulence or economic uncertainty as investors tend to sell higher-risk assets and flee to the more-stable safe havens.

The Eurozone manufacturing sector remained in contraction, while the services sector prodded the expansion territory in June, according to data from the HCOB's latest Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) Survey, published on Monday.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}Eurozone Manufacturing PMI stayed at 49.4 in June, missing 49.8 forecast.Bloc’s Services PMI increased to 50 in June vs. 50 expected.EUR/USD holds losses at around 1.1500 after German, Eurozone PMI data.           The Eurozone manufacturing sector remained in contraction, while the services sector prodded the expansion territory in June, according to data from the HCOB's latest Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) Survey, published on Monday.The Eurozone Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) remained unchanged at 49.4 in June, missing the market expectations of 49.8.The bloc’s Services PMI rose to 50 in June from 49.7 in May. The data came in line with the estimated 50 figure and hit a two-month high.The HCOB Eurozone PMI Composite stayed at 50.2 in June. The market consensus was 50.5.EUR/USD reaction to the Eurozone PMI dataEUR/USD loses 0.21% on the day, ranging at around 1.1500 following the mixed Eurozone PMI data. Euro FAQs What is the Euro? The Euro is the currency for the 19 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%). What is the ECB and how does it impact the Euro? The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde. How does inflation data impact the value of the Euro? Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money. How does economic data influence the value of the Euro? Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy. How does the Trade Balance impact the Euro? Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

Eurozone HCOB Manufacturing PMI came in at 49.4, below expectations (49.8) in June

Eurozone HCOB Services PMI meets forecasts (50) in June

Eurozone HCOB Composite PMI registered at 50.2, below expectations (50.5) in June

The Pound Sterling (GBP) recovers early losses and rebounds to near 1.3440 against the US Dollar (USD) during European trading hours on Monday. The GBP/USD pair attracts bids as the United States (US) attack on Iran appears to have triggered a muted response from markets so far

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The GBP/USD pair attracts bids as the United States (US) attack on Iran appears to have triggered a muted response from markets so farInvestors shifted to the safe-haven fleet right at the opening of the week as the United States (US) unexpectedly struck Tehran’s three nuclear facilities over the weekend. However, safe-haven demand waned somewhat as the European session approached.The demand for the US Dollar as a safe-haven asset increased as these tend to performs better in a geopolitical uncertain environment. During the European trading session, the US Dollar Index (DXY) trades higher around 99.00.US President Donald Trump said on Truth.Social that Washington’s military forces have successfully demolished Iranian nuclear facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. Trump’s claim that Tehran’s nuclear sites have been destroyed has been challenged as Israeli officials have stated that Iran managed to shift its uranium stockpiles before the attack, according to the New York Times.Investors brace for further weakness in riskier assets, such as the Pound Sterling, as Iran vows to retaliate against the US. Iran’s UN Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani said in an emergency meeting of the United Nations (UN) Security Council on Sunday that the Iranian military will decide the “timing, nature and scale of Iran’s proportionate response”.Meanwhile, the Iranian parliament has passed the proposal of closing the Strait of Hormuz to Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, a move that could potentially diminish the global Oil supply, Iran’s Press TV reported.Daily digest market movers: Pound Sterling rebounds ahead of flash UK PMI dataThe Pound Sterling trades broadly unchanged against its peers on Monday amid a supportive BoE’s monetary policy outlook. The BoE maintained a “gradual and careful” monetary easing guidance on Thursday following the interest rate decision in which it held borrowing rates steady at 4.25%.BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said in a press conference that interest rates remain on a “gradual downward path”. Bailey also guided that the central bank will closely monitor softening labor market conditions and rising energy prices amid escalating Middle East tensions, which will be key risks to the economy.Meanwhile, investors await the flash S&P Global Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) data for June, which will be published at 08:30 GMT. The PMI data is expected to show that activityy in the services sector expanded at a faster pace, while the manufacturing sector activity declined but at a moderate pace. The Composite PMI is seen rising to 50.5 from 50.3 in May.In the US, investors also await the preliminary US S&P Global PMI data for June, which will be published at 13:45 GMT. Financial market participants will pay close attention to the impact of tariffs on input costs.Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller argued on Friday in favor of an interest rate reduction in the July policy meeting. Waller stated that he expects limited impact of tariffs on inflation and warns of cracks in the labor market, which prompts the need for monetary policy expansion. “The tariffs should pose a one-off level effect on prices and not be a persistent boost to inflation," Waller said and added, “The Fed should not wait for the job market to crash in order to cut rates." FXStreet's Fedtracker, which gauges the tone of Fed officials' speeches on a dovish-to-hawkish scale from 0 to 10 using a custom AI model, rated Waller's words as dovish with a score of 3.4. Technical Analysis: Pound Sterling recovers to near 1.3445The Pound Sterling bounces back to near 1.3445 after a weak opening around 1.3400 against the US Dollar on Monday. However, its near-term trend remains bearish as the GBP/USD pair stays below the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) at around 1.3477.The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) oscillates inside the 40.00-60.00 range, close to the 50 neutral level, indicating a sideways performance in the near term.Looking down, the May 16 low around 1.3250 will act as a key support zone. On the upside, the three-year high around 1.3630 will act as a key barrier.  Pound Sterling FAQs What is the Pound Sterling? The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data. Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, also known as ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE). How do the decisions of the Bank of England impact on the Pound Sterling? The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects. How does economic data influence the value of the Pound? Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP. A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall. How does the Trade Balance impact the Pound? Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

Here is what you need to know on Monday, June 23:

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Preliminary June Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data releases from the Eurozone, the UK and the US will be featured in the economic calendar on Monday. Policymakers from the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Federal Reserve (Fed) will also be delivering speeches throughout the day. US Dollar PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies today. US Dollar was the strongest against the Japanese Yen. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.36% -0.28% 0.37% 0.02% 0.12% 0.31% -0.06% EUR 0.36% 0.05% 0.76% 0.38% 0.43% 0.68% 0.26% GBP 0.28% -0.05% 0.75% 0.33% 0.39% 0.63% 0.22% JPY -0.37% -0.76% -0.75% -0.36% -0.27% 0.00% -0.49% CAD -0.02% -0.38% -0.33% 0.36% 0.15% 0.30% -0.11% AUD -0.12% -0.43% -0.39% 0.27% -0.15% 0.22% -0.17% NZD -0.31% -0.68% -0.63% -0.01% -0.30% -0.22% -0.41% CHF 0.06% -0.26% -0.22% 0.49% 0.11% 0.17% 0.41% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the US Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent USD (base)/JPY (quote).Oil prices shot higher at the weekly opening after Iran's parliament approved a measure to close the Strait of Hormuz, a key sea passage through which around 20% of global oil and gas demand flows, in response to the US' attacks. The final decision will be taken by the Supreme National Security Council. Although Iran's attempts to block the Strait of Hormuz remained short-lived in the past, with the US Navy taking action quickly, oil prices rose sharply early Monday. After climbing above $77 per barrel in the Asian session, the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices corrected lower and were last seen trading at around $74.50.The US Dollar (USD) Index started the week with a bullish gap before retreating slightly. At the time of press, the USD Index was trading in positive territory at around 99.00. On Tuesday, Fed Chairman Jerome Powell will deliver the semi-annual Monetary Policy testimony to Congress. Meanwhile, US stock index futures trade flat in the European morning.Gold advanced toward $3,400 early Monday after losing nearly 2% in the previous week. XAU/USD edges lower to start the European session and holds slightly above $3,350.The data from Australia showed earlier in the day that the S&P Global Composite PMI improved to 51.2 in June's flash estimate from 50.5 in May. This reading showed that the business activity in the private sector expanded at an accelerating pace. AUD/USD stays on the back foot despite the upbeat data and trades in negative territory below 0.6450.EUR/USD holds steady at around 1.1500 in the early European session on Monday. HCOB Composite PMI in Germany rose to 50.4 in June (preliminary) from 48.5 in May. Later in the day, ECB President Christine Lagarde will an introductory statement at a hearing before the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament in Brussels, Belgium.GBP/USD fell nearly 1% in the previous week and edged lower in the Asian session on Monday. The pair rebounds from daily lows and trades near 1.3450. USD/JPY gains traction on Monday and trades at its highest level since mid-May above 147.00. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

AUD/JPY extends its gains for the second consecutive session, trading around 94.50 during the early European hours on Monday. The currency cross depreciates as the Japanese Yen (JPY) loses ground amid rising expectations of delaying the interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan (BoJ).

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The currency cross depreciates as the Japanese Yen (JPY) loses ground amid rising expectations of delaying the interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan (BoJ). Traders anticipate the timing of the BoJ’s next rate hike in Q1 2026. Governor Kazuo Ueda reiterated a data-driven policy approach, leaving the door open for further rate hikes if inflationary pressures persist.Additionally, the Japanese Yen (JPY) faces challenges amid concerns over potential economic fallout as the United States (US) has imposed a 25% tariff on Japanese vehicles. Moreover, the US is also planning a 24% reciprocal tariff on other Japanese imports. These measures are part of a broader trade dispute between the two countries, with ongoing negotiations to potentially avert the tariffs. The reciprocal tariffs have been temporarily suspended until July 9, per Reuters.On the data front, the Jibun Bank Japan Composite PMI improved to 51.4 in June from a 50.2 prior, marking the third straight month of growth and the fastest pace since February. Manufacturing PMI rose to 50.4 in June from the previous reading of 49.4 and above the market forecast of 49.5. Meanwhile, Services PMI increased to 51.5 from 51.0 prior.In Australia, S&P Global reported that the preliminary Australia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) remained consistent at a 51.0 reading in June. Meanwhile, the Services PMI edged higher to 51.3 from the previous reading of 50.6, while the Composite PMI improved to 51.2 in June from 50.5 prior.The upside of the AUD/JPY cross could be restrained as the Australian Dollar (AUD) struggles amid risk aversion, driven by the escalating Middle East tension. The US had attacked Iran's three nuclear facilities, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. In response, the Iranian parliament approved a measure to close the strait. Risk sentiment FAQs What do the terms"risk-on" and "risk-off" mean when referring to sentiment in financial markets? In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest. What are the key assets to track to understand risk sentiment dynamics? Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-on"? The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-off"? The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.

Silver found support at $35.50 but seems unable to extend beyond $36.00.Risk aversion is easing in the early European session, which is weighing on precious metals.XAG/USD is forming a potential bearish H&S with its neckline at $35.45-$35.50,Silver (XAG/USD) found a bottom near 35.50 following a rev

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European bourses have opened with gains, except the UK FTSE100, and Wall Street futures are turning positive, despite ongoing fears about Iran’s retaliation to this weekend’s US attacks. Iran’s army leaders have vowed severe consequences to the US, but so far, the response to the massive bombings of Iran’s key nuclear sites has been limited to missile strikes on Israel’s soil, sparing US interests in the region. This keeps hopes of avoiding a wider regional war alive for now, which is boosting equities and weighing on safe assets, such as silver. XAG/USD: Potential Head & Shoulders formation A view of the 4-hour charts, and we see a frail recovery from Friday’s lows at $35.50. The Relative Strength Index remains well into negative territory, suggesting that the bearish structure of the last three days is still in play, with previous support, at the $36.10 area (June 13, 16, and 17 highs), now acting as resistance.

Above here, the next resistance area is at the June 19 high at $36.82. A rejection here might form a bearish head & Shoulders, a potential topping pattern that would bring the focus back to the key $35.45-$35.50 area, June 12 and 20 lows, and the neckline of the H&S pattern.

A break of that level confirms that the bullish cycle from early May lows is over and that a deeper correction is in progress, with the next bearish targets at $34.10 (June 4 low) and the $32.70 area, which held prices on May 22, 27, 28, and 30. XAG/USD 4-Hour Chart Silver FAQs Why do people invest in Silver? Silver is a precious metal highly traded among investors. It has been historically used as a store of value and a medium of exchange. Although less popular than Gold, traders may turn to Silver to diversify their investment portfolio, for its intrinsic value or as a potential hedge during high-inflation periods. Investors can buy physical Silver, in coins or in bars, or trade it through vehicles such as Exchange Traded Funds, which track its price on international markets. Which factors influence Silver prices? Silver prices can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can make Silver price escalate due to its safe-haven status, although to a lesser extent than Gold's. As a yieldless asset, Silver tends to rise with lower interest rates. Its moves also depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAG/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Silver at bay, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to propel prices up. Other factors such as investment demand, mining supply – Silver is much more abundant than Gold – and recycling rates can also affect prices. How does industrial demand affect Silver prices? Silver is widely used in industry, particularly in sectors such as electronics or solar energy, as it has one of the highest electric conductivity of all metals – more than Copper and Gold. A surge in demand can increase prices, while a decline tends to lower them. Dynamics in the US, Chinese and Indian economies can also contribute to price swings: for the US and particularly China, their big industrial sectors use Silver in various processes; in India, consumers’ demand for the precious metal for jewellery also plays a key role in setting prices. How do Silver prices react to Gold’s moves? Silver prices tend to follow Gold's moves. When Gold prices rise, Silver typically follows suit, as their status as safe-haven assets is similar. The Gold/Silver ratio, which shows the number of ounces of Silver needed to equal the value of one ounce of Gold, may help to determine the relative valuation between both metals. Some investors may consider a high ratio as an indicator that Silver is undervalued, or Gold is overvalued. On the contrary, a low ratio might suggest that Gold is undervalued relative to Silver. ,

The German manufacturing and services sectors contraction eased in June, the preliminary business activity report published by the HCOB survey showed on Monday.

Germany’s Manufacturing PMI rose to 49 in June vs. 49 forecast.Services PMI for the German economy improved to 49.4 in June vs. 47.5 estimate.EUR/USD keeps the red near 1.1500 after mixed German PMIs.The German manufacturing and services sectors contraction eased in June, the preliminary business activity report published by the HCOB survey showed on Monday.The HCOB Manufacturing PMI in the Eurozone’s top economy improved to 49 this month, compared with May’s 48.3, aligning with the expected 49 reading.more to come ....

Germany HCOB Services PMI registered at 49.4 above expectations (47.5) in June

Germany HCOB Manufacturing PMI meets forecasts (49) in June

Germany HCOB Composite PMI registered at 50.4 above expectations (49) in June

The USD/CHF pair attracts some sellers in the vicinity of the 0.8200 mark and slides to the lower end of a nearly one-week-old range during the early part of the European session on Monday.

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The SNB’s hawkish signal and rising geopolitical risks underpin the safe-haven CHF.Reduced bets for more aggressive Fed rate cuts support the USD and spot prices.The USD/CHF pair attracts some sellers in the vicinity of the 0.8200 mark and slides to the lower end of a nearly one-week-old range during the early part of the European session on Monday. Spot prices currently trade around the 0.8165-0.8160 area, down 0.20% for the day, though the downside seems cushioned on the back of a modest US Dollar (USD) strength.In fact, the USD Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of currencies, climbs to a nearly two-week high amid the Federal Reserve's (Fed) hawkish stance. The US central bank retained its projection for two rate cuts by the end of 2025 but lowered the forecast to only one 25-basis point rate cut in each of 2026 and 2027 amid concern that US President Donald Trump's tariffs could push up consumer prices. This, in turn, is seen acting as a tailwind for the buck and the USD/CHF pair.The Swiss Franc (CHF), on the other hand, draws support from the Swiss National Bank's (SNB) signal that it does not plan more interest rate cuts, disappointing investors expecting that rates might return to negative territory this year. Meanwhile, rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and trade-related uncertainties temper investors' appetite for riskier assets. This is seen as another factor underpinning the safe-haven CHF and exerting some downward pressure on the USD/CHF pair.The aforementioned mixed fundamental backdrop, however, warrants some caution before placing aggressive directional bets. Next on tap is the release of the flash US PMIs, which might influence the global risk sentiment and drive the CHF later during the North American session as traders keenly await Iran's response to US airstrikes on its nuclear facilities. Apart from this, the USD price dynamics might contribute to producing short-term trading opportunities around the USD/CHF pair. Swiss Franc FAQs What key factors drive the Swiss Franc? The Swiss Franc (CHF) is Switzerland’s official currency. It is among the top ten most traded currencies globally, reaching volumes that well exceed the size of the Swiss economy. Its value is determined by the broad market sentiment, the country’s economic health or action taken by the Swiss National Bank (SNB), among other factors. Between 2011 and 2015, the Swiss Franc was pegged to the Euro (EUR). The peg was abruptly removed, resulting in a more than 20% increase in the Franc’s value, causing a turmoil in markets. Even though the peg isn’t in force anymore, CHF fortunes tend to be highly correlated with the Euro ones due to the high dependency of the Swiss economy on the neighboring Eurozone. Why is the Swiss Franc considered a safe-haven currency? The Swiss Franc (CHF) is considered a safe-haven asset, or a currency that investors tend to buy in times of market stress. This is due to the perceived status of Switzerland in the world: a stable economy, a strong export sector, big central bank reserves or a longstanding political stance towards neutrality in global conflicts make the country’s currency a good choice for investors fleeing from risks. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen CHF value against other currencies that are seen as more risky to invest in. How do decisions of the Swiss National Bank impact the Swiss Franc? The Swiss National Bank (SNB) meets four times a year – once every quarter, less than other major central banks – to decide on monetary policy. The bank aims for an annual inflation rate of less than 2%. When inflation is above target or forecasted to be above target in the foreseeable future, the bank will attempt to tame price growth by raising its policy rate. Higher interest rates are generally positive for the Swiss Franc (CHF) as they lead to higher yields, making the country a more attractive place for investors. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken CHF. How does economic data influence the value of the Swiss Franc? Macroeconomic data releases in Switzerland are key to assessing the state of the economy and can impact the Swiss Franc’s (CHF) valuation. The Swiss economy is broadly stable, but any sudden change in economic growth, inflation, current account or the central bank’s currency reserves have the potential to trigger moves in CHF. Generally, high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence are good for CHF. Conversely, if economic data points to weakening momentum, CHF is likely to depreciate. How does the Eurozone monetary policy affect the Swiss Franc? As a small and open economy, Switzerland is heavily dependent on the health of the neighboring Eurozone economies. The broader European Union is Switzerland’s main economic partner and a key political ally, so macroeconomic and monetary policy stability in the Eurozone is essential for Switzerland and, thus, for the Swiss Franc (CHF). With such dependency, some models suggest that the correlation between the fortunes of the Euro (EUR) and the CHF is more than 90%, or close to perfect.

The Iranian Foreign Minister wrote a letter to the United Nations Secretary General calling for immediate and decisive condemnation of US strikes on Iran. Meanwhile, the Iranian army chief stated that he’s free to take action against US interests.

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Meanwhile, the Iranian army chief stated that he’s free to take action against US interests.An Iranian army spokesperson, Ebrahim Zolfaqari, said that recent hostile action by the US expanded the scope of legitimate targets for Iran’s armed forces, adding that the US should expect heavy consequences for its actions.Market reactionAt the time of writing, the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) is trading 0.21% higher on the day to trade at $73.90. The Gold price (XAU/USD) is trading 0.50% lower on the day to trade at $3,350. Risk sentiment FAQs What do the terms"risk-on" and "risk-off" mean when referring to sentiment in financial markets? In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest. What are the key assets to track to understand risk sentiment dynamics? Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-on"? The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-off"? The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.

France HCOB Services PMI came in at 48.7, below expectations (49.2) in June

France HCOB Composite PMI registered at 48.5, below expectations (49.3) in June

France HCOB Manufacturing PMI registered at 47.8, below expectations (50) in June

The GBP/JPY cross trades in positive territory for the third consecutive day near 197.95 during the early European session on Monday.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}GBP/JPY strengthens to around 197.95 in Monday’s early European session. The cross maintains a constructive view above the 100-day EMA with the bullish RSI indicator.  The immediate resistance level is seen at 198.81; the initial support level is located at 194.34.The GBP/JPY cross trades in positive territory for the third consecutive day near 197.95 during the early European session on Monday. The Japanese Yen (JPY) weakens against the Pound Sterling (GBP) as the Bank of Japan's (BoJ) preference to move cautiously in normalizing still-easy monetary policy forces traders to push back their bets about the likely timing of the next interest rate hike to Q1 2026. Technically, GBP/JPY keeps the bullish vibe on the daily chart, with the price holding above the key 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA). The path of least resistance is to the upside, as the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) stands above the midline near 64.50. This suggests bullish momentum in the near term. The first upside target to watch for the cross is seen at 198.81, the high of July 25, 2024. Extended gains could see a rally to the 200 psychological level. Further north, the next hurdle is located at 203.62, the high of July 22, 2024. On the other hand, the initial support level for GBP/JPY emerges at 194.34, the low of June 18. A breach of this level could expose the key contention level in the 193.30-193.20 zone, representing the 100-day EMA and the lower limit of the Bollinger Band. The additional downside filter to watch is 191.90, the low of May 22. GBP/JPY Daily Chart Japanese Yen FAQs What key factors drive the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors. How do the decisions of the Bank of Japan impact the Japanese Yen? One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen. How does the differential between Japanese and US bond yields impact the Japanese Yen? Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential. How does broader risk sentiment impact the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Oil price advances on Monday, early in the European session. WTI trades at $74.71 per barrel, up from Friday’s close at $73.77.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Oil price advances on Monday, early in the European session. WTI trades at $74.71 per barrel, up from Friday’s close at $73.77.Brent Oil Exchange Rate (Brent crude) is stable, hovering around its previous daily close at $75.93. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

The EUR/GBP cross trades in positive territory near 0.8570 during the early European trading hours on Monday. The Pound Sterling (GBP) weakens against the Euro (EUR) as UK Retail Sales declined more than expected in May.

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The Pound Sterling (GBP) weakens against the Euro (EUR) as UK Retail Sales declined more than expected in May. Traders will keep an eye on the preliminary reading of the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for June from the Eurozone and the United Kingdom, which will be released later on Monday. The Bank of England (BoE) decided to keep rates at 4.25% at its June policy meeting last week, as widely expected. BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said that interest rates remain on a gradual downward path but warned, "The world is highly unpredictable.” The downbeat UK Retail Sales might encourage traders to raise their bets for further rate cuts by the BoE, which might drag the GBP lower. Economists polled by Reuters widely expect BOE policymakers to cut rates by 25 basis points (bps) at the next gathering in August and to reduce another 25 bps in the fourth quarter.On the Euro front, the European Central Bank (ECB) signaled a pause in policy easing this month despite projections showing price growth dropping below its 2% target. This, in turn, could provide some support to the shared currency. ECB Francois Villeroy de Galhau said on Thursday that the central bank would monitor the situation for signs of a spillover from energy prices into underlying inflation and broader price expectations, which could prompt it to adapt monetary policy accordingly. Pound Sterling FAQs What is the Pound Sterling? The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data. Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, also known as ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE). How do the decisions of the Bank of England impact on the Pound Sterling? The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects. How does economic data influence the value of the Pound? Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP. A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall. How does the Trade Balance impact the Pound? Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

EUR/USD extends its winning streak for the fourth successive session, trading around 1.1490 during the Asian hours on Monday. On the daily chart, technical analysis indicates a strengthening of a bullish bias, as the pair continues to trade within an ascending channel pattern.

.fxs-major-currency-prices-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:8px 16px}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table{width:100%;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:1rem}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table th{background-color:#f2f2f2}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td{color:#fff}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.green{background-color:#9cd6cd}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.red{background-color:#faafb5}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.blue-grey{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-legend{font-size:11px;margin:8px;color:#49494f}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.dark-green{background-color:#39ad9a}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-green{background-color:#9cd6cd}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.gray{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-red{background-color:#faafb5}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.strong-red{background-color:#f55e6a}EUR/USD is testing the immediate barrier at the nine-day EMA of 1.1494.The 14-day Relative Strength Index holds above the 50 mark, reinforcing the bullish momentum.The initial support appears at the ascending channel’s lower boundary around 1.1420.EUR/USD extends its winning streak for the fourth successive session, trading around 1.1490 during the Asian hours on Monday. On the daily chart, technical analysis indicates a strengthening of a bullish bias, as the pair continues to trade within an ascending channel pattern.The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) remains above the 50 level, strengthening the bullish outlook. However, the EUR/USD pair is positioned below the nine-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), indicating that short-term price momentum is weakening.On the upside, the EUR/USD pair is testing the immediate barrier at the nine-day EMA of 1.1494. A break above this level would improve the short-term price momentum and prompt the pair to challenge the 1.1631, the highest since October 2021, which was marked on June 12, followed by the upper boundary of the ascending channel around 1.1730.The EUR/USD pair may find the initial support at the ascending channel’s lower boundary around 1.1420. A break below the channel may cause the emergence of the bearish bias and put downward pressure on the pair to test the 50-day EMA at 1.1314.Further decline would weaken the medium-term price momentum and lead the pair to test the two-month low of 1.1064, followed by the three-month low of 1.0778, last seen on April 1.EUR/USD: Daily Chart Euro PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies today. Euro was the strongest against the New Zealand Dollar. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.38% -0.12% 0.24% 0.03% 0.35% 0.45% 0.03% EUR 0.38% 0.24% 0.69% 0.42% 0.69% 0.82% 0.38% GBP 0.12% -0.24% 0.47% 0.18% 0.46% 0.59% 0.14% JPY -0.24% -0.69% -0.47% -0.23% 0.07% 0.26% -0.29% CAD -0.03% -0.42% -0.18% 0.23% 0.36% 0.41% -0.04% AUD -0.35% -0.69% -0.46% -0.07% -0.36% 0.12% -0.32% NZD -0.45% -0.82% -0.59% -0.26% -0.41% -0.12% -0.45% CHF -0.03% -0.38% -0.14% 0.29% 0.04% 0.32% 0.45% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).

FX option expiries for Jun 23 NY cut at 10:00 Eastern Time vi a DTCC can be found below.

FX option expiries for Jun 23 NY cut at 10:00 Eastern Time vi a DTCC can be found below.EUR/USD: EUR amounts1.1400 1b1.1490 1.1b1.1500 1.1b1.1550 1.7b1.1600 1.1bUSD/JPY: USD amounts                                 145.00 501mAUD/USD: AUD amounts0.6510 517m

The USD/CAD pair extends its winning streak for the fifth trading day on Monday. The Loonie pair gains as demand for safe-haven assets, such as the US Dollar (USD), has increased after the direct involvement of the United States (US) into the aerial war between Israel and Iran over the weekend.

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The Loonie pair gains as demand for safe-haven assets, such as the US Dollar (USD), has increased after the direct involvement of the United States (US) into the aerial war between Israel and Iran over the weekend.The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, jumps to near 99.10.US President Donald Trump stated in a post on Truth.Social that Washington’s military forces struck three nuclear facilities of Iran successfully, aiming to stop Tehran from fulfilling its ambition of building nuclear weapons.Meanwhile, investors brace for retaliation from Iran who has threatened to choke the Strait of Hormuz, the gateway from which almost quarter of world’s total Oil is supplied.On the Loonie front, higher Oil prices are expected to strengthen the Canadian Dollar (CAD) against its other peers, given that Canada is the largest oil exporter to the US.USD/CAD gains for five trading days in a row after posting a fresh eight-month low around 1.3540 on June 16. The Loonie pair recovers above the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), indicating that the near-term trend has turned bullish.The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) jumps sharply to near 50.00, exhibiting signs of bullish reversal.A further recovery move above the May 29 high of 1.3820 by the pair would open the door towards the May 21 high of 1.3920, followed by the May 15 high of 1.4000.On the contrary, the asset could slide towards the psychological level of 1.3500 and the September 25 low of 1.3420 if it breaks below Monday’s low of 1.3540.USD/CAD daily chartin Risk sentiment FAQs What do the terms"risk-on" and "risk-off" mean when referring to sentiment in financial markets? In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest. What are the key assets to track to understand risk sentiment dynamics? Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-on"? The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-off"? The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.
 

The Indian Rupee (INR) opens on a bearish note against the US Dollar (USD) and jumps to near 86.85 at the start of the week.

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Investors were bracing for a significant negative opening of the USD/INR pair, following the risk-off market sentiment and a sharp increase in the Oil price due to the United States (US) joining Israel’s assault on Iran.Currencies that depend significantly on the import of Oil get impacted severely by rising energy prices.Over the weekend, the US struck three Iranian nuclear facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan, aiming to restrict Tehran from fulfilling its ambition of building nuclear warheads. According to comments from the White House came on Thursday, Washington was expected to take decision on whether to strike Iran on not was expected to be taken within two weeks.The unexpected direct involvement of the US in Middle East tensions has forced investors to shift to the safe-haven fleet, improving the demand for the US Dollar as a safe-haven asset. The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, revisits the 10-day high slightly above 99.00.In retaliation, Iran is preparing to close the Strait of Hormuz, through which almost a quarter of the global Oil is supplied.The decision to close the Oil gateway, which Iran shares with Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has been approved by Tehran’s parliament and has been forwarded to the Supreme National Security Council for final approval, Iran’s Press TV reported.Daily digest market movers: Indian Rupee underperforms US Dollar amid risk-off moodThe Indian Rupee resumes its downside journey against the US Dollar after a short-lived pullback move on Friday to near 86.55. Rising crude prices due to flaring Middle East tensions after the direct involvement of the US in the Israel-Iran war have pushed the Indian Rupee on the backfoot again.Market experts are bracing for a significant upside in the USD/INR, citing that higher energy prices would accelerate India’s current account deficit, which will weaken the Indian Rupee further.According to analysts at Bernstein, the Indian Rupee could depreciate toward Rs. 88 against the US Dollar if Israel-Iran tensions persist. The private wealth management firm estimated that a sustained $10 rise in crude prices over a quarter could add 0.11% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to India’s current account deficit.Meanwhile, Goldman Sachs has projected that Brent crude could briefly peak at $110 per barrel if oil flows through the critical waterway were halved for a month and remained down by 10% for the following 11 months, Reuters reported. Following the US attack on Iran, Brent Crude Oil has jumped to around $78.80, the highest level seen in five months.On the domestic front, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) minutes released on Friday showed that the Indian central bank front-loaded interest rate cuts to send a clear message to economic agents that it intends to support consumption and investment through lower borrowing costs. In the policy meeting, the RBI slashed its Repo Rate unexpectedly by 50 basis points (bps) to 5.5%.In the US region, traders are expected to raise bets supporting the Federal Reserve (Fed) to reduce interest rates in the July policy meeting as officials have split over the monetary policy outlook after holding it steady in last week’s meeting.On Friday, Fed Governor Christopher Waller argued in favor of cutting interest rates in July, citing concerns over the labor market. "The Fed should not wait for the job market to crash in order to cut rates," Waller said in an interview with CNBC Squawk Box on Friday. He also stated that the impact of tariffs imposed by US President Donald Trump will be as big on inflation. "I do not think inflation impact from tariffs will be big, trend is looking good," Waller said.Contrary to Fed’s Waller, Richmond Federal Reserve President Thomas Barkin said that there is no rush for interest rate cuts amid uncertainty over how much new trade policies will prompt inflation. “I am comfortable with where we are and nothing is burning on either side [inflation and labor market] such that it suggests there’s a rush to act,” Barkin said.Technical Analysis: USD/INR aims to revisit two-month high around 86.95The Indian Rupee rises to near 86.85 against the US Dollar on Monday and aims to revisit an over two-month high of 86.93 posted on Thursday. The near-term trend of the pair remains bullish as the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) slopes higher around 86.10.The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) holds above 60.00, suggesting that the bullish momentum is intact.Looking down, the 20-day EMA is a key support level for the major. On the upside, the April 11 high of 87.14 will be a critical hurdle for the pair.  Indian Rupee FAQs What are the key factors driving the Indian Rupee? The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee. How do the decisions of the Reserve Bank of India impact the Indian Rupee? The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference. What macroeconomic factors influence the value of the Indian Rupee? Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee. How does inflation impact the Indian Rupee? Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.

India HSBC Manufacturing PMI climbed from previous 57.6 to 58.4 in June

India HSBC Services PMI: 60.7 (June) vs 58.8

India HSBC Composite PMI: 61 (June) vs 59.3

Singapore Consumer Price Index (YoY) in line with forecasts (0.8) in May

The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of currencies, opens with a modest bullish gap and hits a nearly two-week high during the Asian session on Monday.

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The Fed’s hawkish stance further lends support to the buck and contributes to the move up.Trade-related uncertainties cap the USD as traders await flash global PMIs for a fresh impetus.The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of currencies, opens with a modest bullish gap and hits a nearly two-week high during the Asian session on Monday. The intraday uptick, however, lacks follow-through, with the index currently trading just above the 99.00 round figure, up over 0.25% for the day.A further escalation of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East tempers investors' appetite for riskier assets at the start of a new week and turns out to be a key factor that benefits the USD's status as the global reserve currency. In fact, the US joined Israel in the military action against Iran and bombed three nuclear sites on Sunday. Adding to this, US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth warned Iran against following through with past threats of retaliation. Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi called the event outrageous and added that it will have everlasting consequences. This raises the risk of a wider regional conflict and triggers a fresh wave of a risk-aversion trade, underpinning traditional safe-haven assets. Apart from this, the Federal Reserve's (Fed) hawkish signal last week, projecting only one 25-basis-point rate cut in each of 2026 and 2027, lend additional support to the USD Index. However, the uncertainty over US President Donald Trump's erratic trade policies and concerns about a slowing economy hold back the USD bulls from placing aggressive bets amid speculations that Iran will respond to the US airstrikes. Hence, the focus will remain glued to geopolitical developments, which will drive the broader risk sentiment. Apart from this, traders will take cues from the release of the flash global PMIs for some impetus. US Dollar FAQs What is the US Dollar? The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away. How do the decisions of the Federal Reserve impact the US Dollar? The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback. What is Quantitative Easing and how does it influence the US Dollar? In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar. What is Quantitative Tightening and how does it influence the US Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.

West Texas Intermediate (WTI), the US crude oil benchmark, is trading around $74.80 during the Asian trading hours on Monday.

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The WTI price has climbed to the highest level since January after the United States (US) launched direct attacks against Iran, raising fears of potential disruptions to energy supplies from the Middle East, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz.The WTI price jumps after the US entered the conflict between Israel and Iran over the weekend, with American warplanes and submarines targeting three Iranian facilities in Iran, Fordo, Natanz and Isfahan. Additionally, Iran’s parliament has voted to shut down the Strait of Hormuz in retaliation against Trump’s attack on the country. A fifth of the world's oil consumption passes through the Strait of Hormuz, a gateway out of the Persian Gulf. JP Morgan analysts forecast that the oil price might increase to $130 if a prolonged Middle East war blocks the Strait of Hormuz.Oil traders will closely monitor how Iran will respond to the US strikes. Iran’s foreign minister said on Sunday that the Islamic Republic reserves “all options” to defend its sovereignty. The concerns that energy supplies from the Middle East could be disrupted might weigh on the black gold in the near term. On the other hand, the estimation of lower demand might cap the upside for the WTI. In its monthly oil report last week, the International Energy Agency (EIA) revised its world oil demand estimate downwards by 20,000 barrels per day from last month's forecast and increased the supply estimate by 200,000 bpd to 1.8 million bpd. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

Gold price (XAU/USD) struggles to capitalize on its modest Asian session uptick and attracts fresh sellers in the vicinity of the $3,400 mark on Monday.

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Traders now look forward to the release of the global flash PMIs for short-term impetuses.Gold price (XAU/USD) struggles to capitalize on its modest Asian session uptick and attracts fresh sellers in the vicinity of the $3,400 mark on Monday. The US Dollar (USD) opens with a bullish gap in reaction to the US attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities on Sunday, which, in turn, is seen as a key factor that acts as a headwind for the commodity. Apart from this, the Federal Reserve's (Fed) hawkish signal last week contributed to driving flows away from the non-yielding yellow metal.Meanwhile, the risk of a further escalation of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East takes its toll on the global risk sentiment and underpins demand for traditional safe-haven assets. This holds back traders from placing aggressive directional bets and keeps the Gold price confined within a one-week-old range. Hence, it will be prudent to wait for strong follow-through selling before positioning for an extension of last week's retracement slide from a nearly two-month high. Daily Digest Market Movers: Gold price fails to benefit from the global flight to safety In a significant escalation in the ongoing war between Iran and Israel, the US launched airstrikes targeting three Iranian nuclear sites in Fordo, Natanz, and Isfahan early Sunday. Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi vowed that Iran would defend itself by all means necessary against not just US military aggression but also the reckless and unlawful actions of the Israeli regime.25-basis-pointAraghchi called the event outrageous and added that it would have everlasting consequences. Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump warned that any retaliation would be met with greater force and added that there would either be peace or tragedy for Iran. This raises the risk of spillover and a broader conflict in the Middle East, which should underpin the safe-haven Gold price. The Federal Reserve projected two rate cuts this year. However, Fed officials forecast only one 25-basis-point rate cut in each of 2026 and 2027 amid worries that the Trump administration's tariffs could push up consumer prices. This assists the US Dollar in holding steady near last week's swing high and keeps a lid on a further appreciating move for the non-yielding yellow metal.Monday's release of flash PMIs could provide a fresh insight into the global economic health. This, along with geopolitical developments, will influence the risk sentiment and drive the safe-haven XAU/USD. Apart from this, the USD price dynamics should provide some meaningful impetus and help the commodity to break through a one-week-old trading range. Gold price could accelerate fall once the ascending channel support is brokenFrom a technical perspective, the XAU/USD bears await some follow-through selling below the 100-period Simple Moving Average (SMA) and a convincing break below a short-term ascending channel before placing fresh bets. Given that oscillators on the daily chart have been losing positive traction and gaining negative momentum on hourly charts, the Gold price might then accelerate the fall towards the $3,323-3,322 intermediate support before eventually dropping to sub-$3,300 levels.On the flip side, the $3,400 round figure now seems to have emerged as an immediate strong barrier for the commodity. A sustained move beyond could lift the Gold price to the $3,434-3,435 region en route to the $3,451-3,452 area, or a nearly two-month top touched last Monday. Some follow-through buying would then allow bulls to aim towards challenging the all-time peak, around the $3,500 psychological mark. The latter nears the ascending channel hurdle and could cap the precious metal. Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.

Gold prices fell in India on Monday, according to data compiled by FXStreet.

.fxs-related-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-related-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{text-decoration:none;color:#1b1c23;font-weight:700;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;line-height:20px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a:hover,.fxs-related-module-related-link:hover,.fxs-related-module-related-link:hover a{color:#e4871b}.fxs-related-module-related-link a:hover{text-decoration:none}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-related-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-related-module-related-link a{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}} .fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} Gold prices fell in India on Monday, according to data compiled by FXStreet. The price for Gold stood at 9,372.58 Indian Rupees (INR) per gram, down compared with the INR 9,395.26 it cost on Friday. The price for Gold decreased to INR 109,319.90 per tola from INR 109,584.40 per tola on friday. Unit measure Gold Price in INR 1 Gram 9,372.58 10 Grams 93,725.80 Tola 109,319.90 Troy Ounce 291,520.10   2025 Gold Forecast Guide [PDF] Download your free copy of the 2025 Gold Forecast FXStreet calculates Gold prices in India by adapting international prices (USD/INR) to the local currency and measurement units. Prices are updated daily based on the market rates taken at the time of publication. Prices are just for reference and local rates could diverge slightly.   Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up. (An automation tool was used in creating this post.)

EUR/JPY extends gains for the third successive session, trading around 168.70 during the Asian hours on Monday. According to the technical analysis of the daily chart, the currency cross moves upwards within an ascending channel pattern, suggesting the strengthening of a bullish bias.

.fxs-major-currency-prices-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:8px 16px}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table{width:100%;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:1rem}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table th{background-color:#f2f2f2}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td{color:#fff}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.green{background-color:#9cd6cd}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.red{background-color:#faafb5}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.blue-grey{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-legend{font-size:11px;margin:8px;color:#49494f}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.dark-green{background-color:#39ad9a}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-green{background-color:#9cd6cd}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.gray{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-red{background-color:#faafb5}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.strong-red{background-color:#f55e6a}EUR/JPY reached the 11-month high at 168.64 on Monday.The 14-day RSI is above the 70 level, signaling overbought conditions and suggesting a potential near-term pullback.The initial support appears at the nine-day EMA of 167.07.EUR/JPY extends gains for the third successive session, trading around 168.70 during the Asian hours on Monday. According to the technical analysis of the daily chart, the currency cross moves upwards within an ascending channel pattern, suggesting the strengthening of a bullish bias.However, the EUR/JPY cross rises above the nine-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), signaling short-term momentum is stronger. However, the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) is positioned above the 70 mark, suggesting an overbought situation and a potential downward correction soon.On the upside, the EUR/JPY cross is testing the upper boundary of the ascending channel around 168.80, followed by the psychological level of 169.00. A break above the crucial resistance channel would strengthen the bullish bias and lead the currency cross to approach the 170.00 level.The EUR/JPY cross could find initial support at the nine-day EMA of 167.07. A break below this level would weaken the short-term price momentum and put downward pressure on the currency cross to test the ascending channel’s lower boundary around 165.60. Further support appears at the 50-day EMA at 164.21.EUR/JPY: Daily Chart Euro PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies today. Euro was the strongest against the New Zealand Dollar. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.30% -0.11% 0.09% 0.06% 0.35% 0.38% 0.07% EUR 0.30% 0.16% 0.44% 0.36% 0.61% 0.69% 0.33% GBP 0.11% -0.16% 0.32% 0.20% 0.45% 0.53% 0.17% JPY -0.09% -0.44% -0.32% -0.06% 0.22% 0.34% -0.11% CAD -0.06% -0.36% -0.20% 0.06% 0.33% 0.32% -0.03% AUD -0.35% -0.61% -0.45% -0.22% -0.33% 0.06% -0.28% NZD -0.38% -0.69% -0.53% -0.34% -0.32% -0.06% -0.35% CHF -0.07% -0.33% -0.17% 0.11% 0.03% 0.28% 0.35% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).

The Silver price (XAG/USD) edges higher to near $36.10, snapping the three-day losing streak during the Asian trading hours on Monday. The white metal attracts some buyers amid the rising tensions in the Middle East after the US bombed Iran's nuclear sites. 

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The white metal attracts some buyers amid the rising tensions in the Middle East after the US bombed Iran's nuclear sites. The United States carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran early Sunday despite US President Donald Trump’s longtime promises to avoid new foreign conflicts. Iran has vowed to respond, saying it “reserves all options,” while Trump said that any Iranian retaliation against the United States “will be met with a force far greater than what was witnessed tonight.” Any signs of escalation could increase demand for safe-haven assets, such as Silver.Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller said on Friday that the Fed is in a position to cut the policy rate as early as July. The dovish remarks from Federal Reserve (Fed) officials provide some support for the white metal. Lower interest rates make silver cheaper for foreign buyers, increasing global demand.On the other hand, renewed US Dollar (USD) demand might cap the upside of Silver. Investors await the preliminary reading of the US S&P Global PMI for June. If the US economic data came in stronger than expected, this could underpin the Greenback in the near term. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

USD/CHF edges lower after registering gains in the previous session, trading around 0.8170 during the Asian hours on Monday.

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The pair depreciates as the Swiss Franc (CHF) receives support from the increased safe-haven demand, driven by the United States (US) attacks on three Iranian nuclear facilities over the weekend.US President Donald Trump announced late Saturday that he had "obliterated" Iran's main nuclear sites, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. This Middle East conflict is poised to escalate as Tehran vowed to defend itself.Last week, the data showed that Switzerland’s trade surplus declined to CHF 2.0 billion in May from a downwardly revised CHF 5.4 billion in April. The Swiss trade balance has marked the smallest surplus since December 2023. Traders will likely observe the ZEW Survey – Expectations for June and the SNB Quarterly Bulletin for the second quarter, scheduled to be released on Wednesday.In the United States (US), Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller noted on Friday that the US central bank could start easing monetary policy as soon as next month, signaling flexibility amid global economic uncertainty and rising geopolitical risks. However, Fed Chair Jerome Powell warned earlier that ongoing policy uncertainty will keep the central bank in a rate-hold stance, and any rate cuts will be contingent on further improvement in labor and inflation data. Swiss Franc FAQs What key factors drive the Swiss Franc? The Swiss Franc (CHF) is Switzerland’s official currency. It is among the top ten most traded currencies globally, reaching volumes that well exceed the size of the Swiss economy. Its value is determined by the broad market sentiment, the country’s economic health or action taken by the Swiss National Bank (SNB), among other factors. Between 2011 and 2015, the Swiss Franc was pegged to the Euro (EUR). The peg was abruptly removed, resulting in a more than 20% increase in the Franc’s value, causing a turmoil in markets. Even though the peg isn’t in force anymore, CHF fortunes tend to be highly correlated with the Euro ones due to the high dependency of the Swiss economy on the neighboring Eurozone. Why is the Swiss Franc considered a safe-haven currency? The Swiss Franc (CHF) is considered a safe-haven asset, or a currency that investors tend to buy in times of market stress. This is due to the perceived status of Switzerland in the world: a stable economy, a strong export sector, big central bank reserves or a longstanding political stance towards neutrality in global conflicts make the country’s currency a good choice for investors fleeing from risks. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen CHF value against other currencies that are seen as more risky to invest in. How do decisions of the Swiss National Bank impact the Swiss Franc? The Swiss National Bank (SNB) meets four times a year – once every quarter, less than other major central banks – to decide on monetary policy. The bank aims for an annual inflation rate of less than 2%. When inflation is above target or forecasted to be above target in the foreseeable future, the bank will attempt to tame price growth by raising its policy rate. Higher interest rates are generally positive for the Swiss Franc (CHF) as they lead to higher yields, making the country a more attractive place for investors. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken CHF. How does economic data influence the value of the Swiss Franc? Macroeconomic data releases in Switzerland are key to assessing the state of the economy and can impact the Swiss Franc’s (CHF) valuation. The Swiss economy is broadly stable, but any sudden change in economic growth, inflation, current account or the central bank’s currency reserves have the potential to trigger moves in CHF. Generally, high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence are good for CHF. Conversely, if economic data points to weakening momentum, CHF is likely to depreciate. How does the Eurozone monetary policy affect the Swiss Franc? As a small and open economy, Switzerland is heavily dependent on the health of the neighboring Eurozone economies. The broader European Union is Switzerland’s main economic partner and a key political ally, so macroeconomic and monetary policy stability in the Eurozone is essential for Switzerland and, thus, for the Swiss Franc (CHF). With such dependency, some models suggest that the correlation between the fortunes of the Euro (EUR) and the CHF is more than 90%, or close to perfect.

The NZD/USD pair opens with a modest bearish gap at the start of a new week and moves further away from the year-to-date peak, around the 0.6100 neighborhood touched last Monday.

.fxs-major-currency-prices-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:8px 16px}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table{width:100%;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:1rem}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table th{background-color:#f2f2f2}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td{color:#fff}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.green{background-color:#9cd6cd}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.red{background-color:#faafb5}table.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-table td.blue-grey{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-prices-legend{font-size:11px;margin:8px;color:#49494f}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-major-currency-prices-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}.fxs-major-currency-prices-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.dark-green{background-color:#39ad9a}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-green{background-color:#9cd6cd}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.gray{background-color:#888a93}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.light-red{background-color:#faafb5}.fxs-major-currency-prices-currency-price td.strong-red{background-color:#f55e6a}NZD/USD attracts sellers for the third straight day and is pressured by a combination of factors. Rising geopolitical tensions boost the safe-haven USD on the back of the Fed’s hawkish pause.Bets more RBNZ rate cuts, trade-related uncertainties, and a weaker risk tone undermine the NZD. The NZD/USD pair opens with a modest bearish gap at the start of a new week and moves further away from the year-to-date peak, around the 0.6100 neighborhood touched last Monday. Spot prices drop to a fresh monthly low, around the 0.5930 region during the Asian session, and seem vulnerable to slide further amid the anti-risk flow.The US joined Israel in the military action against Iran and bombed three nuclear facilities on Sunday. As investors await Iran's response to US strikes, concerns about a further escalation of geopolitical risks in the Middle East take its toll on the global risk sentiment. This, in turn, is seen driving safe-haven flows towards the US Dollar (USD) and undermining demand for the risk-sensitive Kiwi.Meanwhile, the USD drew additional support from the Federal Reserve's (Fed) hawkish signals last week. In fact, the Fed retained the forecast for two rate cuts in 2025 but trimmed the outlook for rate cuts in 2026 and 2027. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ), on the other hand, is expected to lower borrowing costs further amid lower inflation and the economic headwinds from US tariffs. Even from a technical perspective, last week's breakdown through the lower boundary of a short-term trading range and a close below the 0.6000 psychological mark suggests that the path of least resistance for the NZD/USD pair is to the downside. This, in turn, backs the case for a further near-term depreciating move as traders now look forward to the release of the flash US PMIs for a fresh impetus. US Dollar PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies today. US Dollar was the strongest against the Australian Dollar. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.37% -0.18% -0.13% 0.02% 0.23% 0.14% 0.02% EUR 0.37% 0.16% 0.29% 0.40% 0.55% 0.51% 0.35% GBP 0.18% -0.16% 0.16% 0.23% 0.39% 0.35% 0.19% JPY 0.13% -0.29% -0.16% 0.13% 0.32% 0.32% 0.06% CAD -0.02% -0.40% -0.23% -0.13% 0.24% 0.11% -0.04% AUD -0.23% -0.55% -0.39% -0.32% -0.24% -0.06% -0.20% NZD -0.14% -0.51% -0.35% -0.32% -0.11% 0.06% -0.16% CHF -0.02% -0.35% -0.19% -0.06% 0.04% 0.20% 0.16% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the US Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent USD (base)/JPY (quote).

The Japanese Yen (JPY) kicks off the new week on a weaker note and drops to its lowest level since May 15 against a broadly firmer US Dollar (USD) during the Asian session.

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The Bank of Japan (BoJ) last week signaled its preference to move cautiously in normalizing still-easy monetary policy, which forced investors to push back their expectations about the likely timing of the next interest rate hike. Apart from this, concerns that existing 25% US tariffs on Japanese vehicles and 24% reciprocal levies on other imports would impact the Japanese economy, turn out to be another factor undermining the JPY. Meanwhile, Japan's annual National Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained well above the BoJ's 2% target in May and gives the central bank more impetus to hike interest rates again in the coming months. Adding to this, the better-than-expected release of Japan's PMI earlier this Monday backs the case for more BoJ rate hikes. Moreover, the risk of a further escalation of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, in the wake of the US bombing of key nuclear sites in Iran on Sunday, could benefit the JPY's relative safe-haven status. This might further contribute to capping the upside for the USD/JPY pair. Japanese Yen bulls remain on the sidelines amid mixed fundamental cuesThe Bank of Japan last week decided to slow the pace of reduction in its bond purchases from fiscal 2026. Moreover, the gloomy economic outlook and concerns about the potential economic fallout from US trade tariffs suggest that the BoJ could forgo raising interest rates in 2025. Data released on Friday showed that Japan's core inflation remained above the central bank's 2% target for well over three years and rose to a more than two-year high in May. This keeps the door open for further rate hikes by the BoJ, though it fails to boost the Japanese Yen. Furthermore, the au Jibun Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) showed on Monday that Japan's manufacturing moved back into expansion territory for the first time since May 2024. The Manufacturing PMI rose sharply from the 49.4 seen in the previous month to 50.4 in June.Adding to this, the gauge for the services sector climbed to 51.5 during the reported month from 51.0 in May, while the Composite PMI advanced to 51.4 in June from 50.2 in May. This was the third straight month of growth in private sector activity and the fastest pace since February.Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve projected two rate cuts this year. However, Fed officials forecast only one 25-basis-points rate cut in each of 2026 and 2027 amid worries that the Trump administration's tariffs could push up consumer prices, which underpins the US Dollar. On the geopolitical front, the US joined Israel in the military action against Iran and bombed three nuclear sites on Sunday. The US launched 75 precision-guided munitions, including more than two dozen Tomahawk missiles, and more than 125 military aircraft in the operation.Moreover, US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth warned Iran against following through with past threats of retaliation. Adding to this, Vice President JD Vance said that the US was not at war with Iran but rather its nuclear program. Investors now await Iran's response to US strikes. USD/JPY could extend the positive move once the 100-day SMA hurdle is cleared From a technical perspective, the USD/JPY pair needs to make it through the 100-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) barrier around the 146.80 region for bulls to retain short-term control. Some follow-through buying beyond the 147.00 mark will confirm a positive outlook and lift spot prices to the 147.40-147.45 intermediate hurdle en route to the 148.00 round figure and 148.65 region, or the May monthly swing high.On the flip side, any corrective pullback below the 146.00 mark is more likely to attract fresh buyers and find decent support near the 145.30-145.25 area. This, in turn, should help limit the downside for the USD/JPY pair near the 145.00 psychological mark. The latter should act as a strong base for spot prices, which if broken decisively might prompt some technical selling and shift the near-term bias in favor of bearish traders. Japanese Yen FAQs What key factors drive the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors. How do the decisions of the Bank of Japan impact the Japanese Yen? One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen. How does the differential between Japanese and US bond yields impact the Japanese Yen? Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential. How does broader risk sentiment impact the Japanese Yen? The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.

The Australian Dollar (AUD) depreciated against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday, extending its losses for the third successive session. The AUD/USD pair remains weaker amid dampened risk sentiment, driven by the escalating Middle East tension.

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span{text-decoration:underline}.fxs-event-module-release{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px}.fxs-event-module-release>p{font-size:12.8px;font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;line-height:17px;margin:0}.fxs-event-module-release>p>strong{color:#8c8d91;font-weight:700}.fxs-event-module-release>p>span{color:#8c8d91;font-weight:400}.fxs-event-module-release>p>a{color:#e4871b;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.fxs-event-module-release>p>a:hover>span{text-decoration:underline}.fxs-event-module-inner-calendar .fxs-event-module-container{margin:16px 0 0 0;border-top:1px solid #ececf1;padding:12px 0 0 0}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-event-module-inner-calendar .fxs-event-module-header{font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px}.fxs-event-module-release p{font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px}.fxs-event-module-read-more{font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px}.fxs-event-module-calendar-title{font-size:22.4px;line-height:25.6px}.fxs-event-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-event-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-event-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}The Australian Dollar depreciates as market sentiment weakens following US attacks on Iran's three nuclear facilities.Australia’s Services PMI improved to 51.3 in June from 50.6 prior, while the Composite PMI increased to 51.2 from 50.5.Fed Governor Christopher Waller said that the US central bank could start cutting interest rates as soon as next month.The Australian Dollar (AUD) depreciated against the US Dollar (USD) on Monday, extending its losses for the third successive session. The AUD/USD pair remains weaker amid dampened risk sentiment, driven by the escalating Middle East tension.US President Donald Trump announced late Saturday that he had "obliterated" Iran's three nuclear facilities, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. Iranian parliament approved a measure to close the strait. Iran has threatened to close the strait in the past but has never followed through on the move, per Reuters.S&P Global reported that the preliminary Australia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) remained consistent at a 51.0 reading in June. Meanwhile, the Services PMI edged higher to 51.3 from the previous reading of 50.6, while the Composite PMI improved to 51.2 in June from 50.5 prior.Australian Dollar declines due to increased risk aversionThe US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the US Dollar against six major currencies, is losing ground and trading at around 99.600 at the time of writing.Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller noted on Friday that the US central bank could start easing monetary policy as soon as next month, signaling flexibility amid global economic uncertainty and rising geopolitical risks.The US Fed decided to keep the interest rate steady at 4.5% in June as widely expected. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) still sees around 50 basis points of interest rate cuts through the end of 2025. However, Fed Chair Jerome Powell warned that ongoing policy uncertainty will keep the Fed in a rate-hold stance, and any rate cuts will be contingent on further improvement in labor and inflation data.The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) decided to leave its Loan Prime Rates (LPRs) unchanged on Friday. The one-year and five-year LPRs were at 3.00% and 3.50%, respectively.China Retail Sales rose 6.4% year-over-year in May, surpassing the 5.0% expected and April’s 5.1% increase. Meanwhile, Industrial Production increased 5.8% YoY, but came in below the 5.9% forecast and 6.1% prior.Moreover, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in China noted that the domestic economy is expected to have remained generally stable for the first half (H1) of 2025. However, economic growth in China may struggle since the second quarter due to uncertain trade policies.Australian Bureau of Statistics reported on Thursday that Employment Change fell by 2.5K in May against an 87.6K increase in April (revised from 89K) and the consensus forecast of a 25K rise. Furthermore, the Unemployment Rate steadied at 4.1% in May, as expected.Australian Dollar moves below 50-day EMA near 0.6500AUD/USD is trading around 0.6430 on Monday. The technical analysis of the daily shows the pair has broken below the ascending channel pattern, which could cause the emergence of a bearish bias. Additionally, the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) has moved below the 50 mark, strengthening the bearish bias. The pair is falling below the nine-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), indicating that short-term price momentum is weaker.On the downside, the AUD/USD pair may test the “throwback support” around the psychological level of 0.6400. A break below this level may prompt the pair to navigate the region around 0.5914, the lowest level since March 2020.The primary barrier appears at the 50-day EMA of 0.6432, followed by the lower boundary of the ascending channel around 0.6450. A successful rebound to the channel would revive the bullish bias and support the pair to test the nine-day EMA at 0.6474. A break above this level would reinforce the bullish sentiment and lead the AUD/USD pair to approach the seven-month high of 0.6552, which was recorded on June 16.AUD/USD: Daily Chart Australian Dollar PRICE Today The table below shows the percentage change of Australian Dollar (AUD) against listed major currencies today. Australian Dollar was the weakest against the Euro. USD EUR GBP JPY CAD AUD NZD CHF USD -0.36% -0.20% -0.13% -0.01% 0.06% -0.00% 0.09% EUR 0.36% 0.13% 0.27% 0.36% 0.38% 0.36% 0.42% GBP 0.20% -0.13% 0.16% 0.23% 0.25% 0.23% 0.29% JPY 0.13% -0.27% -0.16% 0.10% 0.16% 0.18% 0.14% CAD 0.00% -0.36% -0.23% -0.10% 0.11% 0.00% 0.06% AUD -0.06% -0.38% -0.25% -0.16% -0.11% -0.04% 0.04% NZD 0.00% -0.36% -0.23% -0.18% -0.00% 0.04% 0.06% CHF -0.09% -0.42% -0.29% -0.14% -0.06% -0.04% -0.06% The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Australian Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent AUD (base)/USD (quote). Economic Indicator S&P Global Composite PMI The Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis by S&P Global, is a leading indicator gauging private-business activity in Australia for both the manufacturing and services sectors. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the Australian private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the Australian Dollar (AUD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for AUD. Read more. Last release: Sun Jun 22, 2025 23:00 (Prel) Frequency: Monthly Actual: 51.2 Consensus: - Previous: 50.5 Source: S&P Global

The GBP/USD pair extends the decline to around 1.3405 during the Asian trading hours on Monday. The fears that Iran would retaliate against US attacks on its nuclear sites boost the safe-haven flows, supporting the US Dollar (USD).

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}GBP/USD trades in negative territory for the second consecutive day near 1.3405 in Monday’s Asian session. The US Dollar gains traction after the US attacked Iran over the weekend. Retail Sales fell by 2.7% MoM in May, weighing on the Pound Sterling. The GBP/USD pair extends the decline to around 1.3405 during the Asian trading hours on Monday. The fears that Iran would retaliate against US attacks on its nuclear sites boost the safe-haven flows, supporting the US Dollar (USD). Investors await the preliminary reading of the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for June from the UK and the US, which are due later on Monday. The United States carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran early Sunday despite US President Donald Trump’s longtime promises to avoid new foreign conflicts, per Bloomberg. Trump said Iran’s key nuclear enrichment facilities had been “totally obliterated” and warned of “far greater” attacks unless Iran agreed to make peace. Iran has vowed to respond, saying it “reserves all options.” The escalating tension in the Middle East and fears of wider conflict boost the demand for safe-haven assets, which lift the Greenback against the Cable. The downbeat UK Retail Sales data prompted traders to raise bets on further interest rate cuts from the Bank of England (BoE), weighing on the Pound Sterling (GBP). UK Retail Sales fell 2.7% MoM in May versus a rise of 1.3% prior (revised from 1.2%), the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported on Friday. This figure came in below the market consensus of a decline of 0.5%.The BoE decided to keep rates at 4.25% at its June policy meeting on Thursday, as widely expected. BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said that interest rates remain on a gradual downward path but warned, "The world is highly unpredictable.” Economists polled by Reuters expect BoE policymakers to cut rates by 25 basis points (bps) at the next meeting in August and to reduce another 25 bps in the fourth quarter. Pound Sterling FAQs What is the Pound Sterling? The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data. Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, also known as ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE). How do the decisions of the Bank of England impact on the Pound Sterling? The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects. How does economic data influence the value of the Pound? Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP. A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall. How does the Trade Balance impact the Pound? Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

On Monday, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) set the USD/CNY central rate for the trading session ahead at 7.1710 as compared to Friday's fix of 7.1695 and 7.1914 Reuters estimate.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} On Monday, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) set the USD/CNY central rate for the trading session ahead at 7.1710 as compared to Friday's fix of 7.1695 and 7.1914 Reuters estimate. PBOC FAQs What does the People's Bank of China do? The primary monetary policy objectives of the People's Bank of China (PBoC) are to safeguard price stability, including exchange rate stability, and promote economic growth. China’s central bank also aims to implement financial reforms, such as opening and developing the financial market. Who owns the PBoC? The PBoC is owned by the state of the People's Republic of China (PRC), so it is not considered an autonomous institution. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Committee Secretary, nominated by the Chairman of the State Council, has a key influence on the PBoC’s management and direction, not the governor. However, Mr. Pan Gongsheng currently holds both of these posts. What are the main policy tools used by the PBoC? Unlike the Western economies, the PBoC uses a broader set of monetary policy instruments to achieve its objectives. The primary tools include a seven-day Reverse Repo Rate (RRR), Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF), foreign exchange interventions and Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR). However, The Loan Prime Rate (LPR) is China’s benchmark interest rate. Changes to the LPR directly influence the rates that need to be paid in the market for loans and mortgages and the interest paid on savings. By changing the LPR, China’s central bank can also influence the exchange rates of the Chinese Renminbi. Are private banks allowed in China? Yes, China has 19 private banks – a small fraction of the financial system. The largest private banks are digital lenders WeBank and MYbank, which are backed by tech giants Tencent and Ant Group, per The Straits Times. In 2014, China allowed domestic lenders fully capitalized by private funds to operate in the state-dominated financial sector.

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Oil price trades around $75.50 per barrel during the Asian hours on Monday after pulling back from a five-month high of $76.74.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}WTI price rises over 2% amid increased supply concerns following the US strikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities.President Trump said that he had "obliterated" Iran's main nuclear sites, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.Oil prices could climb further due to potential supply threats, with Iran threatening to close the Strait of Hormuz.West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Oil price trades around $75.50 per barrel during the Asian hours on Monday after pulling back from a five-month high of $76.74. WTI price opened higher by over 2% due to increased fears over supply concerns after the United States (US) launched strikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities over the weekend.US President Donald Trump announced late Saturday that he had "obliterated" Iran's main nuclear sites, including Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in strikes overnight, in coordination with an Israeli assault. This Middle East conflict is poised to escalate as Tehran has vowed to defend itself.Traders expect further gains in Oil prices amid rising fears that an Iranian retaliation may shut down the Strait of Hormuz, through which roughly 20% of global crude supply flows. Iranian parliament approved a measure to close the strait. Iran has threatened to close the strait in the past but has never followed through on the move, according to Iran's Press TV via Reuters.Reuters cited June Goh, senior analyst at Sparta Commodities, saying, "The risks of damage to Oil infrastructure have multiplied."  Although there are alternative pipeline routes out of the region, there will still be crude volumes that cannot be fully exported if the Strait of Hormuz becomes inaccessible. Shipping traffic will likely decline in the area, Goh added. WTI Oil FAQs What is WTI Oil? WTI Oil is a type of Crude Oil sold on international markets. The WTI stands for West Texas Intermediate, one of three major types including Brent and Dubai Crude. WTI is also referred to as “light” and “sweet” because of its relatively low gravity and sulfur content respectively. It is considered a high quality Oil that is easily refined. It is sourced in the United States and distributed via the Cushing hub, which is considered “The Pipeline Crossroads of the World”. It is a benchmark for the Oil market and WTI price is frequently quoted in the media. What factors drive the price of WTI Oil? Like all assets, supply and demand are the key drivers of WTI Oil price. As such, global growth can be a driver of increased demand and vice versa for weak global growth. Political instability, wars, and sanctions can disrupt supply and impact prices. The decisions of OPEC, a group of major Oil-producing countries, is another key driver of price. The value of the US Dollar influences the price of WTI Crude Oil, since Oil is predominantly traded in US Dollars, thus a weaker US Dollar can make Oil more affordable and vice versa. How does inventory data impact the price of WTI Oil The weekly Oil inventory reports published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Information Agency (EIA) impact the price of WTI Oil. Changes in inventories reflect fluctuating supply and demand. If the data shows a drop in inventories it can indicate increased demand, pushing up Oil price. Higher inventories can reflect increased supply, pushing down prices. API’s report is published every Tuesday and EIA’s the day after. Their results are usually similar, falling within 1% of each other 75% of the time. The EIA data is considered more reliable, since it is a government agency. How does OPEC influence the price of WTI Oil? OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of 12 Oil-producing nations who collectively decide production quotas for member countries at twice-yearly meetings. Their decisions often impact WTI Oil prices. When OPEC decides to lower quotas, it can tighten supply, pushing up Oil prices. When OPEC increases production, it has the opposite effect. OPEC+ refers to an expanded group that includes ten extra non-OPEC members, the most notable of which is Russia.

The USD/CAD pair opens with a modest bullish gap at the start of a new week and touches a fresh monthly high, levels beyond mid-1.3700s during the Asian session.

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Spot prices, however, lack bullish conviction amid a combination of diverging forces, warranting caution before positioning for an extension of last week’s goodish recovery from the year-to-date low.The global risk sentiment took a hit in reaction to the US attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities on Sunday, which raises the risk of a further escalation of conflict in the Middle East. This, in turn, drives some safe-haven flows towards the US Dollar (USD) and turns out to be a key factor acting as a tailwind for the USD/CAD pair. However, the growing acceptance that the Federal Reserve (Fed) will resume its rate-cutting cycle in September keeps a lid on any further gains for the USD.Meanwhile, concerns that a broader Middle East conflict would disrupt supplies lift Crude Oil prices to over a five-month high and underpins the commodity-linked Loonie. Moreover, hopes that the US and Canada could have a trade deal soon, along with diminishing odds for more rate cuts by the Bank of Canada (BoC) amid a reacceleration in domestic inflation, supports the Canadian Dollar (CAD). This might further contribute to capping the upside for the USD/CAD pair. Traders now look forward to the release of the global flash PMIs, which, along with geopolitical developments, will drive the risk sentiment and influence the Greenback. Apart from this, Oil price dynamics will be looked upon to grab short-term trading opportunities around the USD/CAD pair. The market focus will then shift to the latest Canadian consumer inflation figures and Fed Chair Jerome Powell's two-day congressional testimony starting on Tuesday. Canadian Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the Canadian Dollar? The key factors driving the Canadian Dollar (CAD) are the level of interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), the price of Oil, Canada’s largest export, the health of its economy, inflation and the Trade Balance, which is the difference between the value of Canada’s exports versus its imports. Other factors include market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – with risk-on being CAD-positive. As its largest trading partner, the health of the US economy is also a key factor influencing the Canadian Dollar. How do the decisions of the Bank of Canada impact the Canadian Dollar? The Bank of Canada (BoC) has a significant influence on the Canadian Dollar by setting the level of interest rates that banks can lend to one another. This influences the level of interest rates for everyone. The main goal of the BoC is to maintain inflation at 1-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively higher interest rates tend to be positive for the CAD. The Bank of Canada can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former CAD-negative and the latter CAD-positive. How does the price of Oil impact the Canadian Dollar? The price of Oil is a key factor impacting the value of the Canadian Dollar. Petroleum is Canada’s biggest export, so Oil price tends to have an immediate impact on the CAD value. Generally, if Oil price rises CAD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Oil falls. Higher Oil prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance, which is also supportive of the CAD. How does inflation data impact the value of the Canadian Dollar? While inflation had always traditionally been thought of as a negative factor for a currency since it lowers the value of money, the opposite has actually been the case in modern times with the relaxation of cross-border capital controls. Higher inflation tends to lead central banks to put up interest rates which attracts more capital inflows from global investors seeking a lucrative place to keep their money. This increases demand for the local currency, which in Canada’s case is the Canadian Dollar. How does economic data influence the value of the Canadian Dollar? Macroeconomic data releases gauge the health of the economy and can have an impact on the Canadian Dollar. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the CAD. A strong economy is good for the Canadian Dollar. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the Bank of Canada to put up interest rates, leading to a stronger currency. If economic data is weak, however, the CAD is likely to fall.

The EUR/USD pair softens to around 1.1480 during the early Asian session on Monday. The Greenback edges higher against the Euro (EUR) as US President Donald Trump’s decision to join Israel’s war against Iran sharply escalates the conflict.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}EUR/USD loses ground to near 1.1480 in Monday’s early Asian session.
Safe-haven flows amid the risk of escalation in the Israel-Iran conflict boost the US Dollar. 
ECB policymakers signaled a rate pause in July. The EUR/USD pair softens to around 1.1480 during the early Asian session on Monday. The Greenback edges higher against the Euro (EUR) as US President Donald Trump’s decision to join Israel’s war against Iran sharply escalates the conflict. Traders will closely monitor the developments surrounding the Middle East conflict. The United States (US) entered the conflict between Israel and Iran over the weekend, with American warplanes and submarines targeting three Iranian facilities in Iran, Fordo, Natanz and Isfahan.  Trump said Iran’s key nuclear enrichment facilities had been “totally obliterated” and warned of “far greater” attacks unless Iran agreed to make peace. The rising tensions after the US bombed Iran's nuclear sites boost the safe-haven currency like the Greenback and act as a headwind for the major pair. Across the pond, the European Central Bank (ECB) cut interest rates for the eighth time in a year earlier this month to support a sluggish recovery in the Eurozone but clearly signaled a pause in July. ECB President Christine Lagarde said that rate reductions are coming to an end as the central bank is now “in a good position” to deal with prevailing uncertainties. The hawkish tone from the ECB could help limit the Euro’s losses in the near term.  Euro FAQs What is the Euro? The Euro is the currency for the 19 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%). What is the ECB and how does it impact the Euro? The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde. How does inflation data impact the value of the Euro? Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money. How does economic data influence the value of the Euro? Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy. How does the Trade Balance impact the Euro? Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.

Japan Jibun Bank Services PMI up to 51.5 in June from previous 51

Japan Jibun Bank Manufacturing PMI came in at 50.4, above expectations (49.5) in June

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President Mary Daly said on Friday that she sees the Fed’s monetary policy stance as “in a good place,” with risks to its US employment and price stability mandates as roughly equal, per Bloomberg.  

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco President Mary Daly said on Friday that she sees the Fed’s monetary policy stance as “in a good place,” with risks to its US employment and price stability mandates as roughly equal, per Bloomberg.  Key quotesSo far the economy is in a good place and so is policy.
Concerns about tariff impact on inflation aren't as large as they were when they were first announced.
Many possibilities for how much tariffs pass through to customers.
Fundamentals of the economy are moving to where an interest rate cut may be necessary.
CEOs have cautious optimism on tariffs.
I look more to the autumn rather than July for a rate cut.
Unless we see a faltering labor market, autumn looks more appropriate.Market reaction The US Dollar Index (DXY) is trading 0.29% higher on the day at 99.05, as of writing. Fed FAQs What does the Federal Reserve do, how does it impact the US Dollar? Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback. How often does the Fed hold monetary policy meetings? The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis. What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it impact USD? In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar. What is Quantitative Tightening (QT) and how does it impact the US Dollar? Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.

The Gold price (XAU/USD) climbs to near $3,375 during the early Asian session on Monday. US President Donald Trump’s decision to join Israel’s war against Iran sharply escalates the conflict, which lifts the precious metal.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}}Gold price drifts higher to around $3,375 in Monday’s early Asian session.The escalating tensions after the US bombed Iran's nuclear sites have boosted the Gold price. Fed's Waller said the central bank is in position as early as July for cuts.The Gold price (XAU/USD) climbs to near $3,375 during the early Asian session on Monday. US President Donald Trump’s decision to join Israel’s war against Iran sharply escalates the conflict, which lifts the precious metal. Traders will keep an eye on the preliminary reading of the US S&P Global Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for June later on Monday. The US carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran early Sunday, directly entering Israel’s war with Iran despite Trump’s longtime promises to avoid new foreign conflicts. The escalating tensions after the US bombed Iran's nuclear sites boost the safe-haven flows and benefit the Gold price, as it is traditionally considered a hedge during times of political and economic uncertainty.Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller said on Friday that the Fed is in a position to cut the policy rate as early as July. The dovish remarks from the Fed officials could weigh on the Greenback and provide some support to the USD-denominated commodity price, as a weaker USD makes Gold cheaper for foreign buyers. Investors brace for the preliminary reading of US S&P Global PMI for June. Any surprise upside in the US economic data could lift the USD and cap the upside for the yellow metal.  Gold FAQs Why do people invest in Gold? Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government. Who buys the most Gold? Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves. How is Gold correlated with other assets? Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal. What does the price of Gold depend on? The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.

The AUD/USD pair attracts some sellers to near 0.6440 during the early Asian session on Monday. The US Dollar (USD) edges higher amid the rising tensions in the Middle East after the United States (US) carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran over the weekend. 

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The US Dollar (USD) edges higher amid the rising tensions in the Middle East after the United States (US) carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran over the weekend. US President Donald Trump on Saturday said the US had attacked three key nuclear facilities in the Iranian regime, Fordo, Natanz and Isfahan. US Navy submarines also launched more than 30 Tomahawk missiles into Iran, according to two defense officials. Investors expected US involvement would cause a stock market selloff and a possible bid for the Greenback and other safe-haven assets, but uncertainty remained.Federal Reserve (Fed) governor Christopher Waller said on Friday that the US central bank could start cutting interest rates as soon as next month, signaling flexibility amid global economic uncertainty and rising geopolitical risks. These dovish comments could weigh on the Greenback and might help limit the pair’s losses in the near term. On the Aussie front, data released by S&P Global on Monday showed that the preliminary reading of Australia's S&P Global Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) came in at 51.0 in June versus 51.0 prior. Meanwhile, the Services PMI improved to 51.3 in June from the previous reading of 50.6, while the Composite PMI rose to 51.2 in June versus 50.5 prior.  Australian Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the Australian Dollar? One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD. How do the decisions of the Reserve Bank of Australia impact the Australian Dollar? The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive. How does the health of the Chinese Economy impact the Australian Dollar? China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs. How does the price of Iron Ore impact the Australian Dollar? Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD. How does the Trade Balance impact the Australian Dollar? The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.

The preliminary reading of Australia's S&P Global Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) came in at 51.0 in June versus 51.0 prior, the latest data published by S&P Global showed on Monday.The S&P Global Australian Services PMI improved to 51.3 in June from the previous reading of 50.6, while

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The S&P Global Australian Services PMI improved to 51.3 in June from the previous reading of 50.6, while the Composite PMI rose to 51.2 in June versus 50.5 prior. Market reactionAt the press time, the AUD/USD pair was down 0.22% on the day to trade at 0.6440. Australian Dollar FAQs What key factors drive the Australian Dollar? One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD. How do the decisions of the Reserve Bank of Australia impact the Australian Dollar? The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive. How does the health of the Chinese Economy impact the Australian Dollar? China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs. How does the price of Iron Ore impact the Australian Dollar? Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD. How does the Trade Balance impact the Australian Dollar? The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.

Australia S&P Global Composite PMI rose from previous 50.5 to 51.2 in June

Australia S&P Global Services PMI: 51.3 (June) vs 50.6

Australia S&P Global Manufacturing PMI remains unchanged at 51 in June

The United States (US) carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran early Sunday, directly entering Israel’s war with Iran despite US President Donald Trump’s longtime promises to avoid new foreign conflicts, per Bloomberg.

.fxs-faq-module-wrapper{border:1px solid #dddedf;background:#fff;margin-bottom:32px;width:100%;float:left;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}.fxs-faq-module-title{color:#1b1c23;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:22.4px;text-transform:uppercase;background:#f3f3f8;padding:8px 16px;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-container{padding:16px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.fxs-faq-module-section{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececf1;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-section:last-child{border:none;margin-bottom:0}.fxs-faq-module-container input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.fxs-faq-module-header{padding:4px 0;background-color:#fff;border:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;margin:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label{display:block;cursor:pointer}.fxs-faq-module-header label span{display:block;width:calc(100% - 50px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;right:16px;width:8px;height:2px;background-color:#49494f;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition-delay:0}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(4px)}.fxs-faq-module-header label:after,.fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transition:transform .3s ease-in-out}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:after{transform:rotate(45deg) translateX(4px)}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-header label:before{transform:rotate(-45deg) translateX(-4px)}.fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease-in-out;color:#49494f;font-weight:300;padding:0;font-size:14.72px;line-height:20px;margin:0}input[type=checkbox]:checked+.fxs-faq-module-section .fxs-faq-module-content{max-height:1000px;margin-top:8px}@media (min-width:680px){.fxs-faq-module-title{font-size:19.2px;line-height:27.2px}.fxs-faq-module-header{font-size:19.2px;line-height:25.92px}.fxs-faq-module-content{font-size:16px;line-height:21.6px}} The United States (US) carried out airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran early Sunday, directly entering Israel’s war with Iran despite US President Donald Trump’s longtime promises to avoid new foreign conflicts, per Bloomberg. 

The decision to directly involve the US comes after more than a week of strikes by Israel on Iran. Trump said Iran’s key nuclear enrichment facilities had been “totally obliterated” and warned of “far greater” attacks unless Iran agreed to make peace.Market reactionAt the time of writing, the Gold price (XAU/USD) is trading 0.46% lower on the day to trade at $3,385. Risk sentiment FAQs What do the terms"risk-on" and "risk-off" mean when referring to sentiment in financial markets? In the world of financial jargon the two widely used terms “risk-on” and “risk off'' refer to the level of risk that investors are willing to stomach during the period referenced. In a “risk-on” market, investors are optimistic about the future and more willing to buy risky assets. In a “risk-off” market investors start to ‘play it safe’ because they are worried about the future, and therefore buy less risky assets that are more certain of bringing a return, even if it is relatively modest. What are the key assets to track to understand risk sentiment dynamics? Typically, during periods of “risk-on”, stock markets will rise, most commodities – except Gold – will also gain in value, since they benefit from a positive growth outlook. The currencies of nations that are heavy commodity exporters strengthen because of increased demand, and Cryptocurrencies rise. In a “risk-off” market, Bonds go up – especially major government Bonds – Gold shines, and safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and US Dollar all benefit. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-on"? The Australian Dollar (AUD), the Canadian Dollar (CAD), the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) and minor FX like the Ruble (RUB) and the South African Rand (ZAR), all tend to rise in markets that are “risk-on”. This is because the economies of these currencies are heavily reliant on commodity exports for growth, and commodities tend to rise in price during risk-on periods. This is because investors foresee greater demand for raw materials in the future due to heightened economic activity. Which currencies strengthen when sentiment is "risk-off"? The major currencies that tend to rise during periods of “risk-off” are the US Dollar (USD), the Japanese Yen (JPY) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The US Dollar, because it is the world’s reserve currency, and because in times of crisis investors buy US government debt, which is seen as safe because the largest economy in the world is unlikely to default. The Yen, from increased demand for Japanese government bonds, because a high proportion are held by domestic investors who are unlikely to dump them – even in a crisis. The Swiss Franc, because strict Swiss banking laws offer investors enhanced capital protection.
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